????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????????

Ihsan Kamil Lathif

Abstract


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???? ?? (797 - 852 ?) ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? 252 ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????. ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (Library Research) ???????? ?????? ???????? (Historical Approach), ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???????? (content analisis) ?????????(regression analysis) . ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

?????? ????????: ???? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ?????


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References


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??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?. ??????? ?????: ????? ??????? ?????????? 1955

???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?????? (?????: ??? ???????)? ?????????. https://dl.wdl.org/3951/service/3951.pdf

????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????: ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????.

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???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????: ??????? ???????? 1986? ?????? ??????

??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????, ??????: ??????, ?????? ???????, 1993.

???? ?????? ??? ?????????????: ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.

Edward S. Kennedy, Mathematical Geography, in Encylopedia of The History of Arabic Scince, Vol. I (Editet: Rashed, Roshidi and Morelon, Rgis), (London: Routledge? 1996)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jam.v3i2.1528

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