Effect of Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L) to LDL and Ox-LDL and Relation of Ox-LDL on LOX-1 Gene Polymorphism 3'UTR

Abstract

Background: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that leads to the emergence of
aterom plaque, which causes thickening of the blood vessel wall. Acute myocardial
infarction (AMI) is caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaques that trigger acute
thrombosis cause total occlusion of the coronary artery. Initiating event in atherosclerosis
is the change LDL into oxidized (OxLDL). Activation of OxLDL would be mediated by
various scavenger receptors, such as LOX-1. Consumption of legumes can reduce the risk
of coronary heart disease. This study want to find out whether the kidney beans that are
included in legumes have efficacious as preventive risk of atherosclerosis.

Objective: To prove that kidney bean extract can lower LDL and OxLDL plasma in LOX-1
gene polymorphism 3'UTR188C/T as preventive risk of atherosclerosis.
Research methods: laboratory experiments with phytochemical test, test kidney bean
extract effect with a dose of 400 mg, 800 mg dan 1200 mg per day on lipid profile and
plasma levels of OxLDL by Enzyme -linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), test
3'UTR188C/T gene polymorphism with restriction enzyme.

Results: The results of the phytochemical screening kidney bean extract contain active
compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, and glycosides.
LDL found decrease in all treatment groups with the highest decrease in the 800 mg
group, although not significantly. But found elevated levels of OxLDL in all treatment
groups with the highest increase were also in the group of 800 mg. Most study participants
were genotype CT.

Conclusion: It has been produced kidney bean extract in the form of extracts condensed
that has met the standards. Kidney bean extract can lower LDL cholesterol. Although
kidney bean extract can increase plasma Ox-LDL, further research needs to be done to
see the existence of an increase in the levels of OxLDL. Participants with TT genotype had
higher levels of plasma OxLDL than other genotypes.