Bioaktivitas Farmakologis Daun Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King dan H.Rob.): Tinjauan Literatur Komprehensif

Muhammad Faisal

Abstract


Abstrak: Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King dan H.Rob., yang dikenal sebagai gulma siam, merupakan tanaman obat yang tersebar luas di daerah tropis dan subtropis serta secara tradisional digunakan untuk penyembuhan luka dan pengobatan infeksi. Tinjauan literatur ini merangkum bioaktivitas daun C. odorata, termasuk aktivitas antimikroba, antioksidan, antiinflamasi, penyembuhan luka, antikanker, dan aktivitas farmakologis lainnya. Literatur dikumpulkan dari basis data ilmiah utama termasuk PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Bioaktivitas daun C. odorata terutama dikaitkan dengan komposisi fitokimia yang kaya, termasuk flavonoid, senyawa fenolik, tanin, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Studi eksperimental telah menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri spektrum luas terhadap bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif, kapasitas penangkap radikal bebas yang signifikan, serta efek anti inflamasi. Selain itu, aktivitas penyembuhan luka telah banyak dilaporkan, menunjukkan peningkatan proliferasi fibroblas dan pembentukan kolagen. Bukti yang berkembang juga menunjukkan potensi sitotoksik dan anti kanker. Temuan ini mendukung nilai terapeutik daun C. odorata dan menyoroti potensinya sebagai sumber agen farmakologis baru. Namun, studi klinis lebih lanjut dan investigasi mekanistik diperlukan untuk memvalidasi keamanan dan efektivitasnya dalam aplikasi terapeutik.


Keywords


Bioaktivitas, Chromolaena odorata, Gulma siam

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jph.v7i3.29273

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.30596/jph.v7i3.29273.g14824

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Alamat Pengelola: Gedung Kampus 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU) Lantai II, Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran UMSU Jalan Gedung Arca No. 53 Medan Sumatera Utara Indonesia, Kode Pos 20217.

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