Pengaruh Pariwisata, Demografi, dan Human Capital Terhadap Kemiskinan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia

Kukuh Ageng Pribowo, Diah Setyorini Gunawan, Suprapto Suprapto

Abstract


Provinces in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) have a poverty rate that is relatively higher than the Western Region of Indonesia (KBI). Tourism is a sector of global economic activity that is used by various countries in the world to increase participation in their economic growth. This study aims to determine the projected influence of tourism with the number of domestic and foreign tourists, non-productive age, and human capital measured through education and health on poverty in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) in 2010-2019. The type of this research is descriptive quantitative using panel data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variable of domestic tourists has a negative effect on poverty, while the variable of non-productive age has a positive effect on poverty. The variables of the number of foreign tourists, education, and health have no effect on poverty in Eastern Indonesia (KTI). These results imply that 1) the government must involve local communities in tourism development, 2) the government must issue policies to regulate non-productive population growth, 3) education improvement must also hone life skills, 4) health facilities and services must able to touch all levels of society


Keywords


Poverty, KTI, Tourism, Demography, Human Capital

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akerele, D., & Adewuyi, S. A. (2011). Analysis of poverty profiles and socioeconomic determinants of welfare among urban households of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-7.

Ashley, C., Roy, D., & Goodwin, H. (2006). Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies: Making Tourism Work For The Poor. ODI (Overseas Development Institute).

Biyase, M., & Zwane, T. (2018). An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Poverty and Household Welfare in South Africa. The Journal of Developing Areas, 52(1), 115130. doi:10.1353/jda.2018.0008.

Croes, R. (2014). The role of tourism in poverty reduction: An empirical assessment, Tourism Economics, 20, 207226. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0275.

Croes, R., & Vanegas, M. (2008). Cointegration and causality between tourism and poverty reduction. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1): 94103. Doi: 10.1177/0047287507312429.

Damanik, J. & Weber, H. F. (2006). Perencanaan Ekowisata. Yogyakarta : CV Andi Offset.

Darma, P., Nyoman, I., & Gede, P. I. (2010). Pariwisata Pro Rakyat: Meretas Jalan Mengetaskan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.

Fairizta, Y.A., Suharno, S., & Anwar, N. (2019). Strategy for The Development of Batik Museum Tourism in Pekalongan City. ICORE, 5(1).

Garza-Rodriguez, J. (2019). Tourism and poverty reduction in Mexico: An ARDL cointegration approach. Sustainability, 11(3): 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030845.

Ginting, T.A.B.R., Sudibia, I.K., Dewi, N.P.M., & MArhaeni, A.A.I. (2020). The Effect of Education and Dependency Ratio on Economic Growth and Poverty in Papua. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR). 4(6): 186-195.

Hatta, M., & Azis, A. (2017). Analisis Faktor Determinan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia Periode 2005-2015. Economics Bosowa, 3(8), 16-32.

Hendrawan, S. (2012). Pengembangan Human Capital Perspektif Nasional, Regional, dan Global. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Holden, A., Sonne, J., & Novelli, M. (2011). Tourism and poverty reduction: An interpretation by the poor of Elmina, Ghana. Tourism planning & development, 8(3): 317-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2011.591160.

Jamieson, W., Goodwin, H., & Edmunds, C. (2004). Contribution of Tourism To Poverty Alleviantion: Pro-Poor Tourism and Challenge of Measuring Impacts. For Transport Policy and Tourism Section Transpor and Tourism Devision UN ESCAP.

Job, H., & Paesler, F. (2013). Links between nature-based tourism, protected areas, poverty alleviation and crisesThe example of Wasini Island (Kenya). Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 1, 18-28.

Ladd, H. F. (2012). Education and Poverty: Confronting the Evidence. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31(2), 203227. doi:10.1002/pam.21615

Mahadevan, R., Amir, H., & Nugroho, A. (2016). Regional impacts of tourism-led growth on poverty and income: Inequality: A dynamic general equilibrium analysis for Indonesia. Tourism. Economics. 23, 614631. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0534.

Mahadevan, R., & Suardi, S. (2019). Panel evidence on the impact of tourism growth on poverty, poverty gap and income inequality. Current Issues in Tourism. 22(3): 253264. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1375901.

Mangiri, K. (2003). Keterkaitan Pariwisata dengan Ekonomi, Sosial-Budaya dan Lingkungan: Kerangka Teori, Analisis dan Sistim. Jakarta : BPS.

Mbaiwa, J, E. (2005). Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management 26(2) : 157172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.

Mbaiwa, J. E. (2017). Poverty or riches: who benefits from the booming tourism industry in Botswana?. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 35(1): 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2016.1270424.

Michlek, A., & Madajov, M. S. (2018). Identifying regional poverty types in Slovakia. GeoJournal. 84. 85-99. Doi:10.1007/s10708-018-9852-9.

Mitchell, J. (2012). Value chain approaches to assessing the impact of tourism on low-income households in developing countries. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3): 457-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.663378.

Muljadi, A. J., & Warman, H. A. (2014). Kepariwisataan dan Perjalanan. Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Njoya, E. T., & Seetaram, N. (2018). Tourism contribution to poverty alleviation in Kenya: A dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 57(4): 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047287517700317.

Prasetyo, A. A. (2010). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Kemiskinan. Semarang : UNDIPPRES.

Purnomo, S, D., & Istiqomah, I. (2019). Economic Growth and Poverty: The Mediating Effect of Employment. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan, 12(1): Doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v13i1.22994.

Purnomo, S. D. (2019). Determinant Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Al-Amwal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syari'ah, 11(1), 47-58. DOI: 10.24235/amwal.v11i1.4171.

Purnomo, S. D., Istiqomah, I., & Suharno, S. (2020). Hubungan Pendidikan Dan Kemiskinan: Pendekatan Variabel Mediasi Pendapatan Per Kapita. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 9(6):539-560. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2020.v09.i06.p04.

Purnomo, S. D. (2021). Analysis of Labor Absorption in Central Java Province. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(1), 240-244.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v5i1.311.

Purnomo, S. D., & Wijaya, M. (2021). Infrastruktur dan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Majalah Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis (MIMB), 18(1), 10-19.

Putri, A. D., & Setiawina, D. (2013). Pengaruh umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin di Desa Bebandem. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 2(4), 173-180.

Rodriguez, J.G. (2019). Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Mexico: An ARDL Cointegration Approach. Sustainability. 11(3). 845-855. Doi: doi.org/10.3390/su11030845.

Rohana, R., Junaidi, J., & Prihanto, P. H. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk dan Rasio Ketergantungan Terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sarolangun. e-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, 6(2): 69-79.

Roy, H. (2010). Social Science Reasearch Network. The Role of Tourism to Poverty Alleviation.

Rusli, S. (2012). Pengantar Ilmu Kependudukan. Jakarta : LP3ES.

Sachs, J. (2005). The End of Poverty: How we can make it happen in our lifetime. UK: Penguin.

Scheyvens, R., & Russell, M. (2012). Tourism and poverty alleviation in Fiji: Comparing the impacts of small-and large-scale tourism enterprises. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3): 417-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.629049.

Spenceley, A., & Seif, J. (2003). Strategies, Impacts and Costs of Pro-Poor Tourism Approaches in South Africa, International Centre for Responsible Tourism, PPT Working Paper, 11: 1-44.

Suardana, I. W., & Sudiarta, I.N. (2017). Impact of Tourism to Poverty in Tourism Destination: Pro Poor Tourism Management Approach. Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism, 2(1): 65-75.

Sudiarta, S. (2011). Pengembangan Konsep Pariwisata yang Peduli Pada Kemiskinan (Pro-poor Tourism) Sebagai Strategi Dalam Mengurangi Kemiskinan. Laporan penelitian, Universitas Udayana.

Todaro, M. P., and Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development 12th Edition. New York: Pearson Ltd.

Truong, V. D., Hall, C. M., & Garry, T. (2014). Tourism and poverty alleviation: Perceptions and experiences of poor people in Sapa, Vietnam. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(7): 1071-1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.871019.

World Bank. (2000). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. New York : Oxford University Press.

Yasin, M., & Adioetomo, S. M. (2010). Demografi: Arti dan Tujuan. Dasar-dasar Demografi. Jakarta : Salemba Empat.

Yunus, M. (2007). Creating a World Without Poverty: How Social Business Change Our World.

Yoeti, O. A. (2008). Pengantar Ilmu Pariwisata. Bandung : Angkasa.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/ekonomikawan.v21i1.7076