Architectural Harmony And Hindu-Buddhist Syncretism At The Pura Dalam Balingkang Complex

Putu Indah Pramesti : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha , I Wayan Putra Yasa : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Submitted: 09-06-2026 || Accepted: 24-08-2026 || Published: 24-08-2026

Abstract


Pura Dalem Balingkang, located in Pinggan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, preserves a legacy of Hindu-Buddhist syncretism that is directly reflected in its architectural elements. This study aims to identify the Hindu and Buddhist architectural elements present in the temple complex while analyzing their pattern of harmonization within a single sacred space that remains active today. The method employed is qualitative research utilizing architectural archaeology, field observation, interviews with traditional leaders and priests, as well as a literature review of relevant primary and secondary sources. The results demonstrate that Hindu elements, such as the candi bentar (split gate), kori agung (main gate), padmasana (shrine), and meru (tiered shrine), blend with Buddhist elements seen in stupa ornaments, Tantrayana-style naga (dragon) reliefs, and the Shiva-Sogata theological concept, which serves as the foundation for this syncretism. The amalgamation of these two traditions is not merely coincidental but rather a product of the Balingkang Kingdom's history from the 11th to the 13th century, which actively integrated cross-cultural influences. These findings assert that syncretism in Bali is a process of creative and meaningful reinterpretation rather than superficial accommodation.

Keywords


Pura Dalam Balingkang; Hindu-Buddhist syncretism; temple architecture; Kintamani; Shiva-Sogata

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ardana, I.G.G. (2016) Pura-Pura di Bali: Fungsi Religius, Estetika, dan Nilai Historis. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.

Ardhana, I.K. (2019) 'Dinamika Keberagamaan Hindu di Bali: Dari Masa ke Masa', Jurnal Kajian Bali, 9(1), pp. 1–24. doi:10.24843/JKB.2019.v09.i01.p01.

Ardika, I. W., Parimartha, I. G., & Wirawan, A. A. B. (2017). Sejarah Bali: Dari Prasejarah Hingga Modernitas. Denpasar: Udayana University Press.

Atmaja, I.N.B. (2015) Sinkretisme Agama dan Budaya di Bali: Kajian Historis dan Antropologis. Denpasar: Udayana University Press.

Atmaja, N. B. (2020). Ideologi, Dominasi, dan Representasi Budaya di Bali. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Budiana, I.N. (2018) 'Arsitektur Pura Bali: Kajian Estetika, Filosofi, dan Tata Ruang Sakral', Jurnal Arsitektur Komala, 12(2), pp. 45–60.

Darma Putra, I.N. (2017) Bali dan Masa Lalunya: Narasi Sejarah, Politik Identitas, dan Kebudayaan. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.

Dhana, I. N. (2019). Dinamika Keagamaan Masyarakat Bali Aga: Antara Tradisi, Modernitas, dan Perubahan. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.

Dwijendra, N.K.A. (2020) 'Balinese Traditional Architecture in the Context of Globalization and Tourism Development', International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research, 4(1), pp. 1–12.

Gunawan, A. and Santoso, B. (2020) 'Sinkretisme Hindu-Buddha dalam Perspektif Arkeologi: Studi Kasus Situs-Situs di Bali dan Jawa', Jurnal Arkeologi Indonesia, 15(1), pp. 23–40.

Iswara, I.B.G. (2016) 'Pura Balingkang: Jejak Sejarah, Nilai Budaya, dan Konservasi Warisan', Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya Bali, 3(1), pp. 12–28.

Kusuma, I.W. (2018) 'Konsep Siwa-Buddha dalam Arsitektur Pura: Telaah Ikonografis dan Teologis', Jurnal Kajian Bali, 8(2), pp. 145–168.

Kusuma, N. M. W. (2020). Sinkretisme agama-budaya pada komunitas Tionghoa-Bali: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Buleleng dan Bangli. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 10(1), 45–68.

Ni Luh Arjani (2019) 'Ritual, Ruang, dan Identitas: Perempuan dalam Praktik Keagamaan di Kawasan Kintamani', Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak, 7(2), pp. 89–105.

Nugroho, H. and Suharto, D. (2022) 'Balinese Temple Architecture as a Reflection of Hindu-Buddhist Cosmology: A Heritage Interpretation Study', Heritage Science, 10(1), pp. 1–18. doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00698-4.

Pradnyana, I.B.P. (2021) 'Arsitektur Vernakular Bali dan Tantangan Pelestarian di Era Modern', Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia, 10(3), pp. 211–224.

Putra Agung, A.A.G. (2018) Kerajaan-Kerajaan Bali Kuno: Rekonstruksi Historis Berdasarkan Sumber Prasasti dan Naskah Lontar. Denpasar: Udayana University Press.

Suardana, I.W. (2017) 'Transformasi Arsitektur Pura di Bali: Kontinuitas, Perubahan, dan Makna', Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia, 6(3), pp. 154–163.

Subagiasta, I.K. (2015) Siwa-Buddha dalam Tradisi Agama Hindu Bali: Kajian Teologi dan Sejarah. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.

Sjamsuddin, H. (2016). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Sukawati, T. (2021) 'Sinkretisme Keagamaan dan Pembentukan Identitas Budaya di Kintamani, Bali', Jurnal Kajian Budaya, 18(2), pp. 201–218.

Supartha, I. W. (2019). Teologi Siwa-Buddha dalam Tradisi Ritual Bali. Denpasar: IHDN Press.

Triguna, I.B.Y. (2019) Keberagaman dalam Beragama: Toleransi, Ritual, dan Komunitas di Bali Kontemporer. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.

Wiana, I.K. (2014) Cara Bali Menjadi Hindu: Pendekatan Sejarah dan Teologi. Surabaya: Paramita.

Wirata, I.W. (2020) 'Warisan Budaya dan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Balingkang, Kintamani', Jurnal Pariwisata Budaya, 5(1), pp. 33–48.

Yudiantara, I.G.M. (2022) 'Kajian Epigrafi Prasasti-Prasasti Kintamani: Kontribusi untuk Rekonstruksi Sejarah Bali Kuna', Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, 7(1), pp. 15–30. doi:10.14710/jscl.v7i1.45321.

Zuhdi, S. (2016) Narasi Agung Sejarah Bali: Antara Mitos, Legenda, dan Data Historis. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/ijessr.v7i2.30955

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.