DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM BASED ON GAMIFICATION OF DIGITAL LOCAL HISTORY CONTENT (EXPERT VALIDATION OF R&D METHOD FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS)

Abstract

The low interest of primary school students in history subjects is often caused by the delivery of material that is static, textual, and lacks relevance to their local identity. This study aims to develop an adaptive learning system based on gamification that integrates digital local history content and to conduct expert validation of the product. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The development phase focused on the validation by experts in material, media, and pedagogy using questionnaire instruments analyzed through the Content Validity Index (CVI). The results indicated that the developed learning system possesses a very high level of validity, with an average I-CVI score above 0.80 across all assessment dimensions.¹ The main findings show that content personalization and gamification elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, are effective in increasing student engagement.³ The study concludes that the validated adaptive learning system is feasible for implementation to transform local history education into an interactive and meaningful learning experience for primary school students.