THE IMPECT OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON THE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILHOOD

Abstract

Parental divorce is a family event that has a significant impact on a child's emotional and social development at an early age. At this stage, children are at a point in their development that is highly sensitive to changes in situations, especially in their relationships with the adults around them. According to Bowlby (1988), secure attachments are disrupted when children face the loss of a loved one due to divorce or conflict, leading to anxiety, fear, and regressive behavior. Furthermore, Papalia & Feldman (2014) explain that children who experience family instability often have difficulty managing emotions, interacting socially, and forming a self- identity. Socially, children often exhibit more withdrawn behavior, act aggressively, or encounter difficulties in forming friendships as a result of the emotional stress they experience. Santrock (2011) emphasized that conflict between parents can reduce a child's ability to adapt socially and impact the development of empathy and self-confidence. Research from various experts shows that the effects of divorce can be mitigated through good co-parenting practices, ongoing emotional support, and a responsive educational environment. Therefore, the active involvement of parents and educators is a crucial factor in maintaining the stability of early childhood social- emotional development after divorce.