THE LONG-TIME EFFECT OF MASK-WEARING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ACNE INCIDENCE OF UMSU MEDICAL STUDENTS CLASS 2018

Anisa Fadmadani, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Nita Andrini, Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra
Received: 2022-02-21
Accepted: 2022-08-03
Published: 2022-08-03

Abstract


Background: A mask is a protective device that covers the mouth and nose to minimize direct transmission of infectious agents according to relevant standards. The use of masks is a fundamental non-pharmacological intervention and has proven to be effective as a barrier to transmission of viruses that cause several respiratory diseases, one of which is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The use of masks has been shown to have a significant protective effect, and is effective in reducing the risk and cases of COVID-19 infection. In addition to having a positive impact, the use of masks as one of the personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent transmission and infection of COVID-19, also has a negative impact, because it causes several changes in the skin that will increase the occurrence of problems on the skin, especially in areas covered by mask. Objective: To determine the effect of the duration of using masks during the COVID-19 pandemic with the incidence of acne among students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra (FK UMSU) batch 2018. Methods: Analytical with cross sectional study approach, sampling method using purposive sampling technique. The data of this study were obtained from primary data using a questionnaire instrument and facial physical examination. Data analysis using Chi Square Fisher Exact test. Results: The results showed that the duration of using a mask for onethree hours, foureight hours, and more than eight hours was associated with the incidence of acne in FK UMSU students batch 2018 sequentially on 30 respondents (85.7%), 34 respondents ( 94.4%), and to 4 respondents (80%). The results of the bivariate analysis between the length of use of masks and the incidence of acne in FK UMSU students class 2018 was p = 0.260 (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant effect between the duration of using a mask and the incidence of acne in the 2018 UMSU Medical Faculty students.

Keywords


Akne; COVID-19; masker

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wang J, Pan L, Tang S, Ji JS, Shi X. Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy. Environ Pollut [Internet]. 2020 June [cited 2021 June 16];266:115099. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314683/

Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2021 Mar. [cited 2021 June 16] ;19(3):141-154. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-020-00459-7

Wang Y, Deng Z, Shi D. How effective is a mask in preventing COVID?19 infection? Med Devices Sensors [Internet]. 2021 Jan [cited 2021 June 16];4(1):1-12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7883189/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [homepage on the internet]. How to protect your self & others. United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [updated 2021 June 11; cited 2021 June 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html

Li Y, Liang M, Gao L, et al. Face masks to prevent transmission of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2021 July [cited 2021 June 16];49(7):900-906. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347937/

Techasatian L, Lebsing S, Uppala R, et al. The Effects of the Face Mask on the Skin Underneath: A Prospective Survey During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2021 June 16];11:2150132720966167. Available from:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150132720966167

Park SR, Han J, Yeon YM, Kang NY, Kim E. Effect of face mask on skin characteristics changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 Nov [cited 2021 June 16]. Skin Res Technol [Internet]. 2020;10.1111/srt.12983. doi:10.1111/srt.12983. Available from:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/srt.12983

Han C, Shi J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Increased flare of acne caused by long-time mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic among general population. Dermatol Ther [Internet]. 2020 May [cited 2021 June 17];33(4):e13704. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.13704

Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol [Internet]. 2017 Dec [cited 2021 June 17];4(2):56-71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29872679/

Hidajat, D. MASKNE: Akne akibat Masker. Jurnal Kedokteran [Internet]. 2020 Oct [cited 2021 June 17]:9(2):202-14. Available from: http://jku.unram.ac.id/article/view/433

Gomolin TA, Cline A, Russo M. Maskne: Exacerbation or Eruption of Acne During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J of Skin [Internet]. 2020 Aug [cited 2021 June 17]:4(5):438-9. Available from: https://jofskin.org/index.php/skin/article/view/953

Teo WL. Diagnostic and management considerations for "maskne" in the era of COVID-19. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. 2021 Feb [cited 2021 June 17];84(2):520-521. Available from: https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(20)32664-5/fulltext

Damiani G, Gironi LC, Grada A, et al. COVID-19 related masks increase severity of both acne (maskne) and rosacea (mask rosacea): Multi-center, real-life, telemedical, and observational prospective study. Dermatol Ther [Internet]. 2021 Feb [cited 2021 June 17];34(2):e14848. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.14848

Rosner E. Adverse Effects of Prolonged Mask Use among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19. J Infect Dis Epidemiol [Internet]. 2020 June [cited 2021 June 17]:6:130. Available from: https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-6-130.php?jid=jide

Ramesh A, Thamizinian K. A clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced facial dermatoses due to increased mask usage in general public during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Res Dermatol [Internet]. 2021 Mar [cited June 17];7(2);232-238. Available from: https://www.ijord.com/index.php/ijord/article/view/1217

Yaqoob S, Saleem A, Jarullah FA, Asif A, Essar MY, Emad S. Association of Acne with Face Mask in Healthcare Workers Amidst the COVID-19 Outbreak in Karachi, Pakistan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14:1427-1433. Published 2021 Oct 7. doi:10.2147/CCID.S333221. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504703/#cit0026

Chaiyabutr C, Sukakul T, Pruksaeakanan C, Thumrongtharadol J, Boonchai W. Adverse skin reactions following different types of mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(3):e176-e178. doi:10.1111/jdv.17039. Availabe from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753376/

Lynn DD, Umari T, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2016;7:13-25. Published 2016 Jan 19. doi:10.2147/AHMT.S55832 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4769025/

Ramesh A, Shabari A. Clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced acne due to increased Mask use among health care workers during COVID pandemic in a tertiary care institute. Int J Res Dermatol 2021;7:48-52. Available from:https://www.ijord.com/index.php/ijord/article/view/1141

Choi SY, Hong JY, Kim HJ, et al. Mask-induced dermatoses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire-based study in 12 Korean hospitals. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021;46(8):1504-1510. doi:10.1111/ced.14776. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239570/




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/mbj.v1i2.9375

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.30596/mbj.v1i2.9375.g11099

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.