PERBEDAAN FONOLOGI DAN KOSAKATA BAHASA MELAYU SAMBAS DI KECAMATAN SEJANGKUNG DAN MELAYU MEMPAWAH DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT

Abstract

This study aims to describe and analyze the phonological and vocabulary differences between Sambas Malay in Sejangkung District and Mempawah Malay in Sungai Kunyit District, West Kalimantan. Both dialects belong to the Local Malay family, but developed in different geographical and sociocultural contexts, giving rise to distinctive linguistic variations. The method used was descriptive qualitative with a synchronic dialectology approach. Data were collected through listening, note-taking, recording, and interviews with native speakers from each region. The main instruments were a basic Swadesh vocabulary list and a list of supplementary questions. The analysis was conducted at two levels: 1) Phonology, covering the vowel system, consonants, and sound changes, and 2) Lexicon, covering differences in word forms for the same concept. The results showed that the final position of the word is realized as in Sambas Malay, while it remains unchanged in Mempawah Malay. 2) The consonant /[ʁ]/ is pronounced trilled in Sambas and tends to collapse or become [r] in Mempawah. 3) The diphthongs /ai/ and /au/ are retained in Sambas, but monophthongized to dan in Mempawah. At the vocabulary level, lexical differences are found, such as 'Pergi' becomes paggi in Sambas and pegi in Mempawah, and 'tidak' becomes daan in Sambas and tadak in Mempawah. These differences are influenced by geographical factors, migration history, and contact with other languages.