Dekonstruksi Gizi dan Pergeseran Peran Sekolah: Membaca Peluang Hadirnya Pekerja Sosial Sekolah Pada Program MBG

Mujahiddin Mujahiddin, ID Scopus (57214467613) : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Willya Achmad, Universitas Pasundan, Nirwansyah Putra, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Received: 2026-07-07
Accepted: 2026-10-29
Published: 2026-11-01

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) mendekonstruksi paradigma biomedis gizi menuju pendekatan berbasis determinan sosial kesehatan serta mengkaji implikasinya terhadap pergeseran peran sekolah dan peluang hadirnya pekerja sosial sekolah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan yang dianalisis melalui perspektif dekonstruksi Jacques Derrida. Data diperoleh dari berbagai literatur ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, serta laporan lembaga nasional dan internasional yang relevan dengan isu gizi, determinan sosial kesehatan, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan sosial sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MBG tidak lagi memosisikan persoalan gizi sebagai masalah biologis individual, melainkan sebagai persoalan sosial yang berkaitan dengan kemiskinan, akses pangan, lingkungan, dan kondisi keluarga. Pergeseran paradigma tersebut mendorong transformasi fungsi sekolah dari institusi pedagogis menjadi ruang intervensi sosiomedis yang turut bertanggung jawab terhadap kesejahteraan peserta didik. Kondisi ini berpotensi menimbulkan beban peran bagi guru dan kepala sekolah. Oleh karena itu, pekerja sosial sekolah memiliki posisi strategis sebagai penghubung antara sekolah, keluarga, dan komunitas untuk memperkuat efektivitas, keberlanjutan, dan dimensi keadilan sosial dalam pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Acolin, J., & Fishman, P. (2023a). Beyond the biomedical, towards the agentic: A paradigm shift for population health science. Social Science and Medicine, 326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115950

Allen-Meares, P., Montgomery, K. L., & Kim, J. S. (2013). School-based social work interventions: A cross-national systematic review. Social Work (United States), 58(3), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swt022

Allen-Meares, P., Washington, R. O., & Welsh, B. L. (2004). School social work: Historical development, influences, and practices. Social Work Services in Schools, 5.

Best, C., Neufingerl, N., Van Geel, L., van den Briel, T., & Osendarp, S. (2010). The nutritional status of school-aged children: why should we care? Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31(3), 400–417.

Black, J. L. ;, Mazac, R. ;, Heckleman, A. ;, & Elliott. (n.d.). Unwrapping school lunch: Examining the social dynamics and caring relationships that play out during school lunch. https://doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v9i2

CNN Indonesia. (2025, September 30). Guru penanggung jawab MBG kini dapat insentif Rp100 ribu per hari. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20250930125035-92-1279228/guru-penanggung-jawab-mbg-kini-dapat-insentif-rp100-ribu-per-hari

Cohen, J. F. W., Rimm, E. B., Bryn Austin, S., Hyatt, R. R., Kraak, V. I., & Economos, C. D. (2014). A food service intervention improves whole grain access at lunch in rural elementary schools. Journal of School Health, 84(3), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12133

Colozza, D. (2021). Dietary health perceptions and sources of nutritional knowledge in an urban food environment: a qualitative study from Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, 24(10), 2848–2858.

Constable, R. (2008). The role of the school social worker. In R. Constable, C. R. Massat, S. McDonald, & J. P. Flynn (Eds.), School social work: Practice, policy, and research (7th ed., pp. 3–29). Lyceum Books

Derrida, J. (2001). Writing and difference. Routledge.

Drewnowski, A., & Specter, S. E. (2004). Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(1), 6–16.

Edyburn, K. L., Bertone, A., Raines, T. C., Hinton, T., Twyford, J., & Dowdy, E. (2023). Integrating Intersectionality, Social Determinants of Health, and Healing: A New Training Framework for School-Based Mental Health. School Psychology Review , 52(5), 563–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.2024767

Engler-Stringer, R., Black, J., Muhajarine, N., Martin, W., Gilliland, J., McVittie, J., Kirk, S., Wittman, H., Mousavi, A., Elliott, S., Hills, B., Androsoff, G., Field, D., Macdonald, B., Belt, C., & Vatanparast, H. (2021). The good food for learning universal curriculum-integrated healthy school lunch intervention: Protocol for a two-year matched control pre-post and case study. JMIR Research Protocols, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.2196/30899

Gulo, N., Hulu, S. K., Bawamenewi, A., & Zendrato, R. Y. S. (2026). PERAN SEKOLAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS (MBG) DI UPTD SMP NEGERI 1 SIROMBU. EDUCATIONAL : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan & Pengajaran, 6(2), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.51878/educational.v6i2.9859

Heijnk, V., Hess, S., & Simmet, A. (2026). Does school lunch equalize? An examination of dietary quality and socioeconomic disparities in Germany. Food Policy, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103110

Jamal, N., & Adinda, A. S. (2026). Impact of the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) on Students at MTs Ma’arif Pinrang Regency. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 6(1), 22–34.

Kavula Sikirivwa, M. (2015). Deconstruction Theory And Its Background. Journal of English Literature and Culture, 3(7), 21

Keeley, B., Little, Cãš., & Zuehlke, E. (2019). The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition--Growing Well in a Changing World. UNICEF.

Kelly, M. S., Frey, A., Thompson, A., Klemp, H., Alvarez, M., & Berzin, S. C. (2016). Assessing the National School Social Work Practice Model: Findings from the Second National School Social Work Survey. Social Work (United States), 61(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swv044

Kiftiyah, A., Palestina, F. A., Abshar, F. U., & Rofiah, K. (2025). Program makan bergizi gratis (MBG) dalam perspektif keadilan sosial dan dinamika sosial–politik. Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan, 5(1), 101–112.

Kim, C.-K. (2020). Jeffrey D. Sachs (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development (Foreword by Ban Ki-moon). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Asian Communication Research, 17(3), 166–174.

Koton, Y. P., Nusi, D., & Djaba, M. (2025). Kontribusi program makanan bergizi gratis (MBG) terhadap ekonomi lokal di Provinsi Gorontalo. Pasca: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, Manajemen SDM, Ilmu Sosial (P-JIAMS), 2(2), 110–118.

Lendra, I. W., Husni, D., & Fitriani, Y. (2025a). Kebijakan makan bergizi gratis dan relevansinya terhadap nilai-nilai good governance: Analisis kualitatif dalam administrasi publik. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 937–945.

Lendra, I. W., Husni, D., & Fitriani, Y. (2025b). Kebijakan makan bergizi gratis dan relevansinya terhadap nilai-nilai good governance: Analisis kualitatif dalam administrasi publik. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 937–945.

Marmot, M., Friel, S., Bell, R., Houweling, T. A. J., & Taylor, S. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The Lancet, 372(9650), 1661–1669.

Mishna, F., Muskat, B., & Cook, C. (2012). Anticipating challenges: School-based social work intervention research. Children and Schools, 34(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cds002

Mozin, S. Y., Tantu, R., Olii, T. P. A., Kaharu, R. K. J., & Van Gobel, S. (2026). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Implementasi Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis:(Studi Kualitatif pada SPPG di Bone Bolango). Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4(3), 6320–6328.

Muchlis, N., Yusuf, R. A., Rusydi, A. R., Mahmud, N. U., Hikmah, N., Qanitha, A., & Ahsan, A. (2023). Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Stunting Among Under-five Children in Rural and Poor Families in Indonesia. Environmental Health Insights, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231185210

Octavia, L., & Nirmala, I. R. (2026). From gene to plate in Indonesia: a food system framework for the triple burden of malnutrition. Frontiers in Public Health, 14, 1755411.

Organization, W. H. (2024). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024: Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms (Vol. 2024). Food & Agriculture Org.

Peckover, C. A., Vasquez, M. L., Van Housen, S. L., Saunders, J. A., & Allen, L. (2012). Preparing School Social Work for the Future: An Update of School Social Workers’ Tasks in Iowa.

Rahmah, H. A., Anggraini, A., Nilasari, Y. P., & Salsabilla, E. P. (2025). Analisis efektivitas program makan bergizi gratis di sekolah dasar Indonesia tahun 2025. Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 2(2 Mei), 2855–2866.

Rahman, A., Fikri, M., & Maysha, H. M. (2025). Reformasi program makan bergizi gratis untuk pemenuhan hak sosial ekonomi. Jurnal Legislatif, 82–104.

Riskesdas, T. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Saikhudin, M., Dewi, E., Sultan, U., & Riau, S. K. (n.d.). EDUSOSHUM Journal of Islamic Education and Social Humanities Jacques Derrida’s Deconstruction: Theory, Method and Its Application in Text and Discourse Studies. 6(3), 1600–1606.

Sari, N. H., Lionardo, A., Thamrin, M. H., & Putra, R. (2025). Free School Meals Policy as a Learning Framework for MBG in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 5. http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

Sediq, M. S. (2024). Unravelling Deconstruction: A Comprehensive Examination of its Qualitative Research Method and Application in Historical Texts. Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v3i1.210

Serang, A. E., Bolang, A. S. L., & Lapian, S. L. H. V. J. (2025). Evaluasi Kualitatif Logistik dan Distribusi dalam Program Makan Siang Bergizi Gratis: Studi Kasus Instrumental di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri, Kota Bitung, Indonesia. Jurnal Promotif Preventif, 8(6), 1807–1814.

Somekh, B., & Lewin, C. (2005). Research Methods In The Social Sciences. London: SAGE Publications Ltd

Tabak, R. G., & Moreland-Russell, S. (2015). Food Service Perspectives on National School Lunch Program Implementation. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 2(5), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.2.5.4

Thompson, H. R., Machado, S. S., Madsen, K. A., Cauchon-Robles, R., Neelon, M., & Ritchie, L. (2022). Impact of a Teacher Intervention to Encourage Students to Eat School Lunch. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811553

UNICEF. (2023). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2023.

Waluyo, S. D. (2025). Kebijakan Makanan Bergizi Gratis: Tinjauan Ekonomi Politik Dalam Kesejahteraan Dan Ketahanan Pangan. Dinamika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 12(1), 144–151.

Widyasari, S. Y., Larasati, A., & Alam, W. Y. (2025). Evaluasi kebijakan makan bergizi gratis di sekolah dasar: Implikasi terhadap kesehatan anak dan pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(4), 1727–1736.

Yahya, M., & Martha, A. (2025). Guru profesional dengan tantangan tugas, fungsi, serta perannya dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pendidikan. Jurnal Edumatika, 1(2), 60–70.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v7i2.31531

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.