Pengujian Bahan Aktif Formula Biofertilizer Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Wakegi  (Allium × wakegi Araki)

Asrul Asrul; Rosmini Rosmini; Jusriadi Jusriadi; Husna Husna; Moh. Fadail; Trihesti Trihesti

doi:10.30596/agrium.v27i2.21272

Pengujian Bahan Aktif Formula Biofertilizer Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Wakegi (Allium × wakegi Araki)

Asrul Asrul, Rosmini Rosmini, Jusriadi Jusriadi, Husna Husna, Moh. Fadail, Trihesti Trihesti

Abstract

Keberadaan mikrobia bermanfaat yang rendah di daerah perakaran bawang wakegi dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman mengalami hambatan karena tanah menjadi kurang subur. Penambahan mikrobia indigenous diharapkan dapat meningkatkan populasi mikrobia di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji potensi bakteri indigenous Bacillus sp. DB12 dan Trichoderma sp dalam meningkatkan produksi dan hasil bawang wakegi, baik yang diaplikasikan secara tunggal maupun konsorsium dengan formula biofertilizer. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, UNTAD, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan (faktor tunggal) bahan aktif formula biofertilizer berupa jenis mikrobia yang terdiri atas P1=kontrol (tanpa mikrobia), P2= Bacillus sp. DB12, P3= Trichoderma sp, dan P4= konsorsium Bacillus sp. DB12 + Trichoderma sp. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 10 kali sehingga secara keseluruhan terdapat 40 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah umbi, berat ubi, dan diameter umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi biofertilizer berbahan aktif konsorsium Bacillus sp. DB12 dan Trichoderma sp (P4) merupakan perlakuan terbaik karena dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman (36,74 cm), jumlah daun (30,40 helai), jumlah umbi per rumpun (8,05), berat umbi per rumpun (40,19 g), dan diameter umbi per rumpun (2,21 cm).

Keywords

Bacillus sp DB12, konsorsium, limbah organik, Trichoderma sp, tunggal.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdelgalil, M. AS., Osama MS Harb, O. MS., Abo-Elhamd, A. E. S., Ibrahim, M. M., & Hassan. A. A. (2016). The Integration of microbial inoculation and organic fertilization to improve the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in New Land. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 7(3): 66 – 75.

Araujo, T. B., Schuelter, A. R., Souza, I. R. P., Coelho, S. R. M., & Christ, D. (2023). Growth promotion in maize inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, 22(1269): 1 - 19. https://doi.org/10.18512/ rbms2023v22e1269

Asghar, I., Ahmed, M., Farooq, M.A., Ishtiaq, M., Arshad, M., Akram, M., Umair, A., Alrefaei, AF., Jat Baloch, MY & Naeem A (2023). Characterizing indigenous plant growth promoting bacteria and their synergistic effects with organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Front. Plant Sci. 14:1232271. https://doi: 10.3389/fpls. 2023.1232271

Asghar, W. & Kataoka, R. (2021). Efect of co application of Trichoderma sp. with organic composts on plant growth enhancement, soil enzymes and fungal community in soil. Archives of Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02413-4

Asghar, W., Craven, K. D., Kataoka, R., Mahmood, A., Asghar, N., Raza, T. & Iftikhar, F. (2024). Review: The application of Trichoderma sp., an old but new useful fungus, in sustainable soil health intensification: A comprehensive strategy for addressing. Plant Stress 12, 100455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100455

Asiandu, A. P., Widjajanti, H., & Rosalina, R. (2021). The potential of tofu liquid waste and rice washing wastewater as cheap growth media for Trichoderma sp. J. Environ. Treat. Tech. 9(4): 769-775. https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(4)775

Asri, A. C. & Zulaika, E. (2016). Sinergisme antar isolat azotobacter yang dikonsorsiumkan. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS 5(2): 2337-3520. https://media.neliti. com/media/publications /129674-ID-sinergisme-antar-isolat-azotobacter-yang.pdf

Asrul, Rosmini, Layukan, S., Nurafifah, Suryani, L., & Mifda. (2024). Utilization of liquid organic waste as a formulation of biopesticide with Bacillus sp. DB12 for controling Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. The 2nd international interdisciplinary conference on environtmental sciences and sustainable development (IICESSD) 7 – 8 November 2022. https//doi 10.2991/978-94-6463-334-4_34

Aziz, M., Ara, N., Zubair, S., Ullah, A., Ahmad, N., Hayat, W. & Shah, S. (2023). Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on Growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition. 19(2): 1795- 1805. http://xisdxjxsu.asia

Bachie, O. G., Santiago, L. S. & McGiffen, M. E. (2019). Physiological responses of onion varieties to varying photoperiod and temperature regimes. Agriculture 9(214): 1 – 9; doi:10.3390/agriculture9100214

Blake, C., Christensen, M. N. & Kov. A. T. (2021). Molecular aspects of plant growth promotion and protection by Bacillus subtilis. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 34(1): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-20-0225-CR

Chieb, M. & Gachomo, E. W. (2023). The role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plant drought stress responses. BMC Plant Biology, 23:407. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870 -023-04403-8

da Costa, S. D. A., Cardoso, A. F., de Castro, G. L., S., Junior, D. D. da S., da Silva, T. C., & da Silva, G. B. (2022). Co-Inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum with Bacillus subtilis to promote growth and nutrient absorption in Marandu grass. Hindawi Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2022, Article ID 3228594, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10. 1155/2022/3228594

Debasis, M., Snezana, A., Panneerselvam P., Manisha, Ansuman, S., Tanja, V., Ganeshamurthy A.N., Devvret, V., Poonam, Radha T.K. & Divya, J. (2019). Review paper: plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) helping in sustainable agriculture: current perspective. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 7 (2): 50 – 74.

El-Khair, H., A., Haggag, K. H. E., & El-Nasr, H. I. S. (2018). Field application of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis combined with Rhizobium for controlling Fusarium root rot in Faba bean in organic farming. Middle East J. Appl. Sci., 8(3): 865-873.

Etesami, H., Jeong, B. R., & Glick, B. R. (2023). Potential use of Bacillus sp. as a effective biostimulant against abiotic stresses in crops—A review. Current Research in Biotechnology 5 (100128):1 – 25. https://doi.org /10.1016 /j.crbiot.2023.100128

Fansyuri, H. & Armaini. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk guano terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Jom Faperta, 6(1): 1 – 8. https: //doi.org/10.33059/jupas.v6i2.1767

Hafiz, F. B., Moradtalab, N., Goertz, S., Rietz, S., Dietel, K., Rozhon, W., Humbeck, K., Geistlinger, J., Neumann, G., & Schellenberg, I. (2022). Synergistic effects of a root-endophytic Trichoderma fungus and Bacillus on early root colonization and defense activation against Verticillium longisporum in Rapeseed. MPMI 35(5):380–392. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-21-0274-R

Hanudin, Marwoto, B., Hersanti, & Muharam, A. (2012). Compatibilities of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma harzianum to control Ralstonia solanacearum on potato. J. Hort. 22(2):172-179. https://doi.org/ 10.21082 /jhort. v22n2.2012.p173-180

Hersanti, Sudarjat, & Damayanti, A. (2019). Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Lysinibacillus sp. dalam silika nano dan serat karbon untuk menginduksi ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit bercak ungu (Alternaria porri (Ell.) Cif). Jurnal Agrikultura, 30(1): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v30i1.22698

Hossain, M. A., Swarna F. T., Al Arabi, R., & Hamim, I. (2023). Trichoderma asperellum suppresses viral diseases and promotes the growth and yield of country bean. Front. Agron. 5:1150359. https://doi: 10.3389/fagro.2023.1150359

Imanullah, A. 2024. Produksi Bawang Merah di Sulawesi Tengah Mencapai 2.792 Ton, Pemprov Optimis Meningkat. Diakses pada Oktober 2024 dari artikel : https://monitorday. com/produksi-bawang-merah-di-sulawesi-tengah-mencapai-2-792-ton-pemprov- optimis-meningkat/

Kariuki, C. K., Mutitu, E. W., and Muiru, W. M. (2020). Effect of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp species in the management of the bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in the field. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30(109):1 -8. https://doi.org/10. 1186/s41938-020-00310-4

Kejela, T. (2024). Phytohormone-Producing Rhizobacteria and Their Role in Plant Growth. In: Ali, B. dan Iqbal, J. New Insights Into Phytohormones. Licensee IntechOpen. http://dx.doi. org/10.5772/intechopen.1002823

Lestari, M., Listiawati, A., & Arifin, N. (2017). Pengaruh paket nutrisi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil selada secara hidroponik. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 6(1): 1 – 9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v6i1.19692

Li, J., Deng, G., Liu, H., Wang, X., U. Zaman, Q., Sultan, K., Saud, S., El-Kahtany, K., Fahad, S., Facong Qian. F., & Chen, S. (2023). Plant-Growth-Promoting Bioagents: A sustainable tool for improving the soil health, enhancing the growth and antioxidative defense system of tobacco. Plant Stress 10(100238): 1 – 14. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.stress.2023.100238

Mahapatra, S., Yadav, & Ramakrishna. (2022). Bacillus subtilis impact on plant growth, soil health and environment. J Appl Microbiol, 132:3543–3562. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jam.15480.

Mahato, S., Bhuju, S., & Shrestha, J. (2018). Effect of Trichoderma viride as biofertilizer on growth and yield of wheat. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (MJSA) 2(2): 01-05. http://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2018.01.05

Mannai, S. & Boughalleb M’Hamdi, N. (2023). Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and i species efcacy in controlling Pythium ultimum associated with apple seedlings decline in nurseries and their growth promotion efect. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 33:59. https://doi.org /10.1186/s41938-023-00705-z

Mejia-Bautista, M. A., Cristobal-Alejo, J., Pacheco-Aguilar, J. R., and Reyes-Ramirez. (2022). Bacillus sp. on the growth and yield of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Revista Mexicana Ciencias Agricolas, 13(1): 115 – 126. https://doi.org/ 10.29312/remexca.v13i1.2664

Miljakovic, D., Marinkovic, J., & Baleševic-Tubic, S. (2020). The Significance of Bacillus sp. in disease suppression and growth promotion of field and vegetable crops. Microorganisms, 8(1037):1 – 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071037

Mirskaya, G.V., Khomyakov, Y.V., Rushina, N.A., Vertebny, V.E., Chizhevskaya, E.P., Chebotar, V.K., Chesnokov, Y.V., & Pishchik, V.N. (2022). Plant development of early-maturing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under inoculation with Bacillus sp. V2026. 11, 1817. https:// doi.org/10.3390/plants11141817

Moreira, V. d. A., Oliveira, C. E. d. S., Jalal, A., Gato, I. M. B., Oliveira, T. J. S. S., Boleta, G. H. M., · Giolo, V. M., Vitória, L. S., Tamburi, K. V., & Filho, M. C. M. T. (2022). Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum and Azospirillum brasilense increases nutrition and yield of hydroponic lettuce. Archives of Microbiology, 204:440.https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00203-022-03047-w.

Nawaal, N., Guniarti, Moeljani, I. R., & Suryaminarsih, P. (2022). Application of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. for promoting generative plants growth of cherry tomato (Lycopersicum cerasiformae Mill.). Journal of Agro Science 10(2): 126 – 131. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v10i2.11706

Novatriana, C. & Hariyono, D. (2020). Application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and effect on growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). Plantropica: Journal of Agricultural Science 2020. 5(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21776 /ub.jpt.2020. 005.1.1

Oktrisna, D., Puspita, F., & Zuhry, E. (2017). Test of endophytic Bacillus sp. bacteria formulated with some waste toward paddy (Oryza sativa L.). Jom Faperta 4(1): 1 – 12

Poromarto, SH., R Putri, R., Widono, S., Supyani, & Hadiwiyono. (2022). Effectiveness and Compatibility of Bacillus and Trichoderma in increasing disease tolerance of garlic to basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1018 (012009). 1st International Conference on Agriculture, Food, and Environment. https://doi. org/10.1088/1755-1315/1018/1/012009

Poveda, J. & Eugui, D (2022). Combined use of Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Pseudomonas): Development of microbial synergistic bio- inoculants in sustainable agriculture. Biological Control, 175, 105100 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.105100

Prasetyo, A.., & Ernita. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan serta produksi tanaman bawang merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) terhadap pupuk NPK organik dan POC urin sapi. Jurnal Agroteknologi Agribisnis dan Akuakultur, 2(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25299/jaaa. v2i2.11155

Rizal, S. & Susanti, T. D. (2018). Peranan jamur Trichoderma sp yang diberikan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.). Sainmatika, 15(1): 23 – 29. https://doi. org/10.31851/sainmatika. v15i1.1759

Siahaan, G. F. & Tyasmoro, S. Y. (2019). Uji efektivitas penggunaan pupuk hayati kayabio pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis (Brassica oleraceae L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 7(6): 1090–1099.

Silva, P.H.V., Souza, A.G.V., de Araujo, L.D., Frezarin, E.T., de Souza, G.V.L., da Silveira, C.M., & Rigobelo, E.C. (2023). Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in Association with Rock Powder for the Initial Development of Maize Plants. Agronomy,13(872): 1 - 15. https:// doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030872

Sudantha, I. M., Aryana, I. G. P. M., & Ernawati, N. M. L. (2023). Pengaruh komposisi biokompos dan biochar Trichoderma sp. dari limbah kotoran sapi sebagai media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan ketahanan terinduksi bibit pisang terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Prosiding Saintek LPPM Universitas Mataram, 5: 55 – 66.

Suntari, R., Hapsari, S. M., & Kurniawan, S. (2023). Upaya peningkatan serapan unsur hara dan hasil bawang merah di inceptisols malang melalui optimalisasi dosis pupuk majemuk. Agrika, 17(1): 104 - 118. doi: https://doi.org/10.31328/ja.v17i1.4574

Tsotetsi, T., Nephali, L., Malebe, M., & Tugizimana, F. (2022). Bacillus for plant growth promotion and stress resilience: what have we learned?. Pants, 11, 2482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants11192482

Tyskiewicz, R., Nowak, A., Ozimek, E., & Jaroszuk-Sciseł, J. (2022). Trichoderma: the current status of its application in agriculture for the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens and stimulation of plant growth. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2329. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042329

Yao X, Guo H, Zhang K, Zhao M, Ruan J & Chen J. (2023). Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease. Front. Microbiol 14:1160551. https://doi. org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551

Zani, R. Z. & Anhar, A. (2021). Respon Trichoderma sp. terhadap indeks vigor benih dan berat kering kecambah padi varietas sirandah batuampa. Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 8(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.29407/jbp.v8i1.15606

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/agrium.v27i2.21272

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Agrium: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian indexing: