Hubungan Praktik Budidaya di Berbagai Perkebunan di Sub-Daerah Aliran Sungai Tuntang Provinsi Jawa Tengah terhadap Karbon Organik Tanah

Yefta Audy Susetyo, Abner Darmawan Sigar, Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak, Andree Wijaya Setiawan, Dina Banjarnahor

Abstract


Penurunan kandungan karbon organik dalam tanah sering kali menjadi dampak dari penerapan praktik budidaya yang kurang ramah lingkungan di agroekosistem salah satunya adalah lahan perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi praktik budidaya yang diterapkan di berbagai perkebunan di Sub DAS Tuntang, mengetahui kandungan karbon organik tanah, serta menganalisis hubungan antara praktik budidaya dengan kandungan karbon organik tanah. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei lapangan di 41 titik sampel menggunakan metode stratified random sampling, disertai observasi agroekosistem dan wawancara petani. Analisis hubungan antara praktik budidaya dengan kandungan SOC dilakukan menggunakan Fisher's Exact Test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar praktik budidaya seperti pemupukan, pola tanam, pengolahan tanah, penutup tanah, dan pengendalian hama tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kandungan karbon organik tanah. Namun, pengelolaan sisa tanaman dengan membiarkannya terurai secara alami terbukti memiliki hubungan signifikan dalam meningkatkan kandungan karbon organik tanah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa retensi residu tanaman merupakan strategi yang efektif untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah sekaligus mendukung upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim di lahan perkebunan.

Keywords


Karbon organik tanah, praktik budidaya, perkebunan, Sub DAS Tuntang.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdillah, M. H. (2021). Memperbaiki serapan hara dengan aplikasi bahan organik untuk meningkatkan resistensi tanaman cabai terhadap virulensi kutukebul. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 49(3), 280–287. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagronomi/article/view/38254

Abdul Qirom, M., Ani Mindawati, T., Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambang Mangkurat, Kissinger, K., Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambang Mangkurat, Fithria, A., & Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambang Mangkurat. (2021). Carbon stock potential on various land covers in heath forest in Liang Anggang, South Kalimantan. Jurnal Galam, 1(2), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.20886/glm.2021.1.2.61-78

Adekiya, A. O., Alori, E. T., Ogunbode, T. O., Sangoyomi, T., & Oriade, O. A. (2023). Enhancing Organic Carbon Content in Tropical Soils: Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change Mitigation. 17. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743315282476231124074206

Annisa, W., & Nursyamsi, D. (2017). Potensi Emisi Karbon di Lahan Gambut Tropis. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa. https://polbangtan-bogor.ac.id/responsive_filemanager/source/Prof%20Dedi%20Nursyamsi/Prosiding/v%20Prosiding%202017%20-%20Potensi%20Emisi%20Karbon%20di%20Lahan%20Gambut%20Tropis.pdf

Asbur, Y., & Ariyanti, M. (2017). Peran konservasi tanah terhadap cadangan karbon tanah, bahan organik, dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis jacq.). Kultivasi, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v16i3.14446

Azurianti, A., Lestariningsih, I. D., Prijono, S., Anggara, A. D., & Lathif, S. (2023). STUDI DAMPAK TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP SIMPANAN KARBON DI KAWASAN HUTAN CEMPAKA, KECAMATAN PRIGEN, PASURUAN, JAWA TIMUR. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 10(2), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2023.010.2.9

Beerling, D. J., Epihov, D. Z., Kantola, I. B., Masters, M. D., Reershemius, T., Planavsky, N. J., Reinhard, C. T., Jordan, J. S., Thorne, S. J., Weber, J., Martin, M. V., Freckleton, R. P., Hartley, S. E., James, R. H., Pearce, C. R., DeLucia, E. H., & Banwart, S. A. (2023). Enhanced weathering in the U.S. Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits (arXiv:2307.05343). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.05343

Bolinder, M. A., Crotty, F., Elsen, A., Frac, M., Kismányoky, T., Lipiec, J., Tits, M., Tóth, Z., & Kätterer, T. (2020). The effect of crop residues, cover crops, manures and nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon changes in agroecosystems: A synthesis of reviews. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 25(6), 929–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-020-09916-3

Cahyono, S. A., Warsito, S. P., Andayani, W., & Darwanto, D. H. (2015). Dampak Pemberantasan Korupsi Terhadap Perekonomian, Emisi Karbon Dan Sektor Kehutanan Indonesia (Corruption Eradication Impacts on the Economy, Carbon Emissions and Forestry Sector in Indonesia). Journal of People and Environment, 22(3), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18766

Chairunnisya, R. A., Hanum, H., & Hidayat, B. (2017). Aplikasi Bahan Organik dan Biochar untuk Meningkatkan C –Organik, P dan Zn tersedia Pada Tanah Sawah: Application of Organic Matter and Biochar to Increase Organic Carbon, P and Zn Available in Paddy Soil. JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI, 5(3), 494–499. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/joa/article/download/2213/1612

De Mastro, F., Traversa, A., Cocozza, C., Pallara, M., & Brunetti, G. (2020). Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Influence of Tillage on Mineralogical and Chemical Parameters. Soil Systems, 4(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4030058

Du, J., Han, T., Gai, J., Yong, T., Sun, X., Wang, X., Yang, F., Liu, J., Shu, K., Liu, W., & Yang, W. (2018). Maize-soybean strip intercropping: Achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(4), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61789-1

Eghdami, H., Azhdari, G., Lebailly, P., & Azadi, H. (2019). Impact of Land Use Changes on Soil and Vegetation Characteristics in Fereydan, Iran. Agriculture, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030058

Endriani, E., & Kurniawan, A. (2018). Konservasi Tanah dan Karbon Melalui Pemanfaatan Biochar Pada Pertanaman Kedelai. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v2i2.5980

Hilwa, W., Harahap, D. E., & Zuhirsyan, M. (2020). Pemberian pupuk kotoran ayam dalam upaya rehabilitasi tanah ultisol desa janji yang terdegradasi. Agrica Ekstensia, 14(1). https://ejournal.polbangtanmedan.ac.id/index.php/agrica/article/view/37

Hu, P., Zhang, R., Yang, J., & Chen, L. (2022). Development Status and Key Technologies of Plant Protection UAVs in China: A Review. Drones, 6(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6110354

Hu, Q., Thomas, B. W., Powlson, D. S., Hu, Y., Zhang, Y., Jun, X., Shi, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Soil organic carbon fractions in response to soil, environmental and agronomic factors under cover cropping systems: A global meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 355(1 OCT), Article 1 OCT. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108591

Husni, H., Septiani, W., & Tamzi, F. (2021). Dinamika Simpanan Karbon dan Kepadatan Tanah Setelah Pengolahan Tanah. Jurnal Agroecotania : Publikasi Nasional Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22437/agroecotania.v4i1.20434

Jambak, M., Baskoro, D. P. T., & Wahjunie, E. D. (2017). Karakteristik sifat fisik tanah pada sistem pengolahan tanah konservasi (Studi Kasus: Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan). Buletin Tanah Dan Lahan, 1(1), 44–50. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Enni-Dwiwahjunie/publication/367225963_Characteristics_of_Soil_Physic_on_Soil_Conservation_Tillage_System_Case_Study_Of_Cikabayan_Research_Farm_Bogor/links/63c7ef246fe15d6a572a9562/Characteristics-of-Soil-Physic-on-Soil-Conservation-Tillage-System-Case-Study-Of-Cikabayan-Research-Farm-Bogor.pdf

Jamin, F. S., Sugito, E., Pramono, S. A., Aristanto, A., & Immamah, E. (2024). Pelatihan Edukasi Peningkatan Kesadaran Sanitasi Lingkungan dalam Menghadapi Peningkatan Pemanasan Global Dunia. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Nusantara, 5(1), 1500–1508. http://ejournal.sisfokomtek.org/index.php/jpkm/article/view/3010

Jannah, S. W., Rahman, F. A., & Hadi, A. P. (2021). Analisis Kandungan Karbon pada Vegetasi Mangrove di Desa Lembar Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(2), 588–598. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v9i2.4303

Kamilaris, A., Mesa, I. F., Savé, R., Herralde, F. D., & Prenafeta-Boldú, F. X. (2020). Can animal manure be used to increase soil organic carbon stocks in the Mediterranean as a mitigation climate change strategy? (arXiv:2007.10823). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2007.10823

Koushika, S. P., Krishnaveni, A., Pazhanivelan, S., Bharani, A., Arunkumar, V., Devaki, P., & Muthukrishnan, N. (2024). Carbon Economics of Different Agricultural Practices for Farming Soil (arXiv:2403.07530). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.07530

Lense, O. N., Rahmadaniarti, A., & Talebong, L. N. (2022). Karbon Tersimpan (C-Stock) di Lantai Hutan Arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan Unipa. Jurnal Kehutanan Papuasia, 8(1), 154–162. https://jurnalpapuaasia.unipa.ac.id/jurnalpapuasia/article/download/300/230

Lestari, M., Mira, M., Prasetyo, S. Y. J., & Fibriani, C. (2021). Analisis Daerah Rawan Banjir Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Tuntang Menggunakan Skoring dan Inverse Distance Weighted. Indonesian Journal of Computing and Modeling, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.24246/icm.v4i1.4615

Li, Y., Gong, J., Liu, J., Hou, W., Moroenyane, I., Liu, Y., Jin, J., Liu, J., Xiong, H., Cheng, C., Malik, K., Wang, J., & Yi, Y. (2022). Effects of Different Land Use Types and Soil Depth on Soil Nutrients and Soil Bacterial Communities in a Karst Area, Southwest China. Soil Systems, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010020

Li, Y., Li, Z., Cui, S., Jagadamma, S., Zhang, Q., & Cai, Y. (2020). Residue retention promotes soil carbon accumulation in minimum tillage systems: Implications for conservation agriculture. The Science of the Total Environment, 740, 140147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140147

Liu, Y., Ge, T., van Groenigen, K. J., Yang, Y., Wang, P., Cheng, K., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Li, Y., Guggenberger, G., Sardans, J., Penuelas, J., Wu, J., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2021). Rice paddy soils are a quantitatively important carbon store according to a global synthesis. Communications Earth & Environment, 2(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00229-0

Meriko, E., Utomo, M., & Buchari, H. (2014). PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP RESPIRASI RIZOSFER DAN NON RIZOSFER PERTANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v2i2.2104

Moukanni, N., Brewer, K. M., Gaudin, A. C. M., & O’Geen, A. T. (2022). Optimizing Carbon Sequestration Through Cover Cropping in Mediterranean Agroecosystems: Synthesis of Mechanisms and Implications for Management. Frontiers in Agronomy, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.844166

Nedhisa, P. I., & Tjahjaningrum, I. T. (2020). Estimasi biomassa, stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon mangrove pada Rhizophora mucronata di Wonorejo Surabaya dengan persamaan allometrik. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 8(2), E61–E65. http://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/sains_seni/article/view/45838

Nugroho, P. A. (2018). Pengolahan tanah dalam penyiapan lahan untuk tanaman karet. Perspektif, 17(2), 129–138. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priyo-Nugroho-2/publication/330698832_Soil_Tillage_in_Land_Clearing_for_Rubber_Plantation_Indonesian/links/6501653b849bbb203b9799cb/Soil-Tillage-in-Land-Clearing-for-Rubber-Plantation-Indonesian.pdf

Peng, Y., Schmidt, I. K., Zheng, H., Heděnec, P., Bachega, L. R., Yue, K., Wu, F., & Vesterdal, L. (2020). Tree species effects on topsoil carbon stock and concentration are mediated by tree species type, mycorrhizal association, and N-fixing ability at the global scale. Forest Ecology and Management, 478, 118510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118510

Poveda, J. (2021). Trichoderma as biocontrol agent against pests: New uses for a mycoparasite. Biological Control, 159, 104634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104634

Pradhan, A., Wakchaure, G. C., Shid, D., Minhas, P. S., Biswas, A. K., & Reddy, K. S. (2023). Impact of residue retention and nutrient management on carbon sequestration, soil biological properties, and yield in multi-ratoon sugarcane. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1288569

Prajapati, S. kumar, Kumar, V., Parmeswar, H., Gairola, A., Borat, R. B., & Srivastava, R. (2023). Peran Karbon Dalam Cetak Biru Kehidupan Dan Daur Siklus Karbon Sistem Siklus Penting Bumi Berdiri:Manfaat dan Kerugian Ke Bumi. AgriSustain-Jurnal Internasiona, 1(1), 21–32.

Prayitno, M. B., Runtung, P. E. A., & Karimuddin, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Muka Air Tanah dan Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Emisi Karbon Tanaman Padi di Tanah Gambut. Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal, 0, Article 0. https://conference.unsri.ac.id/index.php/lahansuboptimal/article/view/1249

Purbalisa, W., Zulaehah, I., Paputri, D. M. W., & Wahyuni, S. (2020). Dinamika Karbon dan Mikroba dalam Tanah pada Perlakuan Biochar Kompos Plus. Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 17(2), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i2.138-143

Rayne, N., & Aula, L. (2020). Livestock Manure and the Impacts on Soil Health: A Review. Soil Systems, 4(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040064

Sahuri, S. (2016). POTENSI PENYERAPAN KARBON PADA KARET POLA TUMPANGSARI TANAMAN HUTAN. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 4(3), 293–299. https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/jht/article/view/3623

Sentani, A., Niam, M. F., & Boogaard, F. C. (2024). Probability of Erosion Utilizing Google Earth Engine and the RUSLE Method in the Tuntang Watershed. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1321(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1321/1/012001

Setiawati, W., Hasyim, A., Udiarto, B. K., & Hudayya, A. (2020). Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases). Jurnal Hortikultura, 30(1), 71. https://www.academia.edu/download/98213994/.pdf.pdf

Seydewitz, T., Pradhan, P., Landholm, D. M., & Kropp, J. P. (2023). Deforestation Drivers Across the Tropics and Their Impacts on Carbon Stocks and Ecosystem Services. Anthropocene Science, 2(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44177-023-00051-7

Sumarlin, D., Gusmayanti, E., & Anshari, G. Z. (2021). Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Dan Cadangan Karbon Sebagai Indikator Degradasi Lingkungan Di Kecamatan Sandai Kabupaten Ketapang. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 19(3), 576–581. https://www.academia.edu/download/72409841/pdf.pdf

Sutarta, E. S., & Yusuf, M. A. (2017). Distribusi hara dalam tanah dan produksi akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada metode pemupukan yang berbeda. Jurnal Online Pertanian Tropik, 4(1), 84–94. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jpt/article/download/3074/2312

Tambunana, A., Purba, T., & Rozalina, R. (2020). Analisis Laju Deforestasi di DAS Bah Bolon Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Akar, 2(2), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.36985/jar.v9i2.314

Te, X., Hassan, M. J., Cui, K., Xiao, J., Aslam, M. N., Saeed, A., Yang, W., & Ali, S. (2022). Effect of different planting pattern arrangements on soil organic matter and soil nitrogen content under a maize/soybean strip relay intercropping system. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.995750

Villat, J., & Nicholas, K. A. (2024). Quantifying soil carbon sequestration from regenerative agricultural practices in crops and vineyards. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1234108

Xie, Z., Yu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, G., Liu, X., Tang, C., Lian, T., Adams, J., Liu, J., Liu, J., Herbert, S. J., & Jin, J. (2022). Soil microbial metabolism on carbon and nitrogen transformation links the crop-residue contribution to soil organic carbon. NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes, 8(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-022-00277-0

Yadav, R. K., Purakayastha, T. J., Ahmed, N., Das, R., Chakrabarty, B., Biswas, S., Sharma, V. K., Singh, P., Talukdar, D., & Mourya, K. K. (2021). Long-term effect of fertilization and manuring on soil aggregate carbon mineralization. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(2), 254–257. https://www.academia.edu/download/95674606/43764.pdf

Yulianingrum, H., Yunianti, I. F., & Ulu, M. A. N. (2020). Budidaya kopi rakyat dengan pengeelolaan bahan organik mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dan cadangan karbon. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 18(1), 97–106. http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1547194&val=1315&title=Budidaya%20Kopi%20Rakyat%20dengan%20Pengeelolaan%20Bahan%20Organik%20Mengurangi%20Emisi%20Gas%20Rumah%20Kaca%20dan%20Cadangan%20Karbon

Yuniarti, A., Damayani, M., & Nur, D. M. (2020). EFEK PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PUPUK N,P,K TERHADAP C-Organik, N-Total, C/N, SERAPAN N, SERTA HASIL PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L. indica) PADA INCEPTISOLS. Jurnal Pertanian Presisi (Journal of Precision Agriculture), 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.35760/jpp.2019.v3i2.2205

Zein, O. S., & Erliana, N. (2022). Penggunaan limbah organik cair pabrik kelapa sawit dan industri tahu dalam meningkatkan kualitas fisikokimia dan stok karbon tanah haplustepts. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 19(2), 107–117. https://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/jip/article/view/9884

Zhu, G., Qiu, D., Zhang, Z., Sang, L., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zhao, K., Ma, H., Xu, Y., & Wan, Q. (2021). Land-use changes lead to a decrease in carbon storage in arid region, China. Ecological Indicators, 127, 107770. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21004350




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/agrium.v28i2.24179

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Agrium: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian indexing: 

 

 

Flag Counter

 

Office:
Gedung Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
(Kampus Utama UMSU)
Jl. Kapten Muchtar Basri No.3, Glugur Darat II,
Kec. Medan Timur, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara - 20238


Email:
agrium@umsu.ac.id