Arthropod Composition and Diversity in Polyculture System with Biopesticide of Asystasia gangetica and Eggshell

Weri Herlin, Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Sriwijaya, Samuel Gilbert Damanik, Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Oktaviani Oktaviani, Plantation Crop Production Technology Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology and Business Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Received: 2026-06-03
Accepted: 2026-10-12
Published: 2026-10-29

Abstract


Excessive use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural systems has caused serious ecological problems, including soil and water pollution and biodiversity decline, so environmentally friendly alternatives such as botanical pesticides are urgently needed. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of a botanical pesticide combining Asystasia gangetica extract and eggshell on arthropod abundance, identity, and composition in a corn-peanut polyculture field at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya. The botanical pesticide was formulated from A. gangetica extract and eggshell at a 1:1 ratio and applied once every two weeks from 4 to 12 weeks after planting (WAP), corresponding to five application events at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 WAP, at four concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) under a split-plot factorial design. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the HSD test at 5% significance in RStudio. Botanical pesticide concentration significantly influenced arthropod composition and dominance. Diptera dominated the community (68%), followed by Orthoptera (15%), Hymenoptera (8%), Coleoptera (6%), Araneae (2%), Lepidoptera (1%), and Hemiptera (<1%). The Shannon-Wiener index (H' = 1.88) indicated moderate diversity, the Simpson dominance index (D = 0.66) confirmed strong Diptera dominance, and the evenness index (E = 0.39) indicated an uneven distribution concentrated among phytophagous groups. These results show that application of the A. gangetica-eggshell botanical pesticide was associated with a community structure dominated by phytophagous arthropods across all tested concentrations, supporting its potential as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides in polyculture systems.

Keywords


Biodiversity, eggshell, pesticide, polyculture, weed.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/agrium.v29i2.30860

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