Determinan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Indonesia Tahun 1990-2021

Diah Ayu Mailadani, Syafri Syafri

Abstract


One of the factors that determines the welfare of a country's people is the Human Development Index (HDI). The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of unemployment, inflation, foreign direct investment and net exports on the Human Development Index in Indonesia. The analysis method used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The data used is annual data for the 1990-2021 period obtained from the United Nations Development Program and the World Bank. The research results show that unemployment, inflation, foreign direct investment and net exports have a significant effect on HDI in the short term. In the long term, only the unemployment rate has a significant effect on HDI. Net exports have a positive influence on HDI while inflation has a negative impact on HDI in the short term. Current foreign direct investment and current unemployment rate have a positive effect on HDI in the short term. However, the influence of lag one to lag 3 of foreign direct investment  and the unemployment rate on HDI is negative. 

Keywords


HDI, Unemployment, Inflation, FDI and Export Neto

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amate-Fortes, I., Guarnido-Rueda, A., & Molina-Morales, A. (2017). Economic and social determinants of human development: A new perspective. Social Indicators Research, 133(2), 561–577.

Angela, Putu Vivian. & Budhi, Made Kembar Sri. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Ep Unud, 10 [4] : 1419-1446.

Azzaki, Muhammad Adnan. (2021). Pengaruh Perdagangan Internasional, dan Keterbukaan Ekonomi Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Negara-Negara Asean. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan (JEBIK) 2021, Vol. 10, No.2, 154-174.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) Indonesia tahun 2021 mencapai 72,29, meningkat 0,35 poin (0,49 persen) dibandingkan capaian tahun sebelumnya (71,94). November. BPS Indonesia.

Heston Runtunuwu, Prince Charles. (2020). Analisis Indikator Makroekonomi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Society, 8 (2), 628-643, 2020 P-ISSN: 2338-6932 | E-ISSN: 2597-4874.

Hodijah, Siti. (2015). Analisis Penanaman Modal Asing Di Indonesia Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai Tukar Rupiah. Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika.

Mankiw, N. G. (2007). Makroekonomi. Terjemahan Fitria Liza dan Imam Nurmawan. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Nasution, Marihot. (2019). Faktor Determinan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Indonesia. Jurnal Budget Vol. 4, No. 1.

Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: Application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(3), 63–91.

Nurlina., Ridha, Ahmad., dan Asnidar. (2023). Analisis Determinan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia Tahun 1990-2021. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi dan Bisnis Vol 14, No 2, Mei 2023.

Pesaran, MH, Shin, Y., & Smith, RJ (2001). Bounds testing approaches to analysis of the level of relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.

Paramitha, Yeni Suci. (2023). Penerapan Model Dinamis Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Menggunakan Pendekatan Koyck Dan Almon Dalam Memprediksi Profitabilitas Pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Universitas Bandar Lampung.

Sabaruddin, S. S. (2015). Dampak Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Aplikasi Structural Path Analysis. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 17(4), 433–456.

Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. American Economic Review, 51, 1-17.

Sirangi Si’lang, Indrasuara Luther. Hasid, Zamruddin. dan Priyagus. 2019). Analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia. Jurnal Manajemen - Vol. 11 (2) 2019, 159-169.

Sukirno, S. (2015). Makroekonomi: Teori pengantar. Rajawali Pers.

Sukirno, S. (2013). Makroekonomi: Teori Pengantar. Depok, Indonesia: Rajawali Pers

Syafri., Sumiyarti., Firdayeti., dan Handayani, Khoriro. (2020). Determinants of Human Development Index: Case Study of Provinces in Indonesia. LePALISSHE 2021, August 03, Malang, Indonesia.

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2003). Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga (8th ed., Vol. 2). Jakarta, Indonesia: Airlangga.

United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2021-22, Uncertain Times, unsettled lives: Shaping our future in a transforming world. www.hdr.undp.org. Edisi 8 September 2022. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22.

Wiwin Setyari, Ni Putu. (2017). Trend Produktifitas Industri Produk Eskpor Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan. Vol.10, No.2, 47-57.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/ekonomikawan.v24i1.19358