Analisis Dampak Hilangnya Pendapatan Pengendara Bermotor Akibat Kemacetan di Kota Pekanbaru dengan Pendekatan Willingness to Accept (WTA)

Abstract

The rapid growth of motor vehicle ownership that is not matched by road capacity has made traffic congestion a major issue in Pekanbaru City. This condition may generate economic losses through increased fuel consumption, loss of productive time, and reduced welfare of road users. This study aims to estimate the economic losses caused by traffic congestion in Pekanbaru City in terms of fuel expenditure, income loss, and the Willingness to Accept (WTA) value of motorists. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with an infinite population and a sample of 150 respondents determined using Cochran’s formula. Data were collected through questionnaires using a convenience sampling technique. The analytical methods included a comparison of fuel expenditures under congested and uncongested traffic conditions, estimation of income losses based on lost productive time, and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess WTA values. The results indicate that economic losses due to excessive fuel consumption reached IDR 1,379,752,581,525 per year, equivalent to 0.81% of Pekanbaru City's Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Estimated income losses resulting from wasted productive time amounted to IDR 2,871,824,868,480 per year. Meanwhile, the total WTA value of motorists regarding traffic congestion was estimated at IDR 4,493,955,747,016.68 per year. If distributed evenly, these losses are equivalent to approximately IDR 11.9 million per capita annually, or nearly 8.1% of Pekanbaru City's per capita income in 2024. These findings indicate that traffic congestion imposes a substantial economic burden and highlight the need for more effective transportation policies to improve urban mobility efficiency.