The Role of E-commerce in Maintaining Transparency in Rice Trading Mechanisms in Perlis, Malaysia, Based on Muamalat Principles
Abstract
This study investigates how e-commerce platforms can enhance transparency in the rice trading mechanisms within Perlis, Malaysia, specifically by adhering to Islamic muamalat principles. It explores the challenges posed by online transactions from a Shariah perspective, such as issues of security, contractual legality, anonymity gharar and riba while affirming the general permissibility of electronic transactions provided they meet applicable conditions The research aims to reconcile modern e-commerce practices, including evolving business models and features, with established Islamic legal frameworks, particularly concerning the validity of buying and selling on digital platforms. This analysis delves into the nuances of online transactions, considering whether current e-commerce functionalities align with Islamic values such as honesty, fairness, and the avoidance of speculative dealings It further examines how the principles of Amanah (trustworthiness) and consumer protection, integral to Islamic economics, can be leveraged to mitigate uncertainties and enhance consumer assurance in the digital rice trade This investigation will specifically evaluate the effectiveness of current e-commerce regulations and their enforcement within Perlis to ensure compliance with these muamalat principles, thereby promoting a more transparent and ethically sound rice market. Furthermore, this study will consider the application of khiyar principles, such as khiyar al-aib (option of defect) and khiyar al-ru'yah (option of inspection), as mechanisms to address potential ambiguities and enhance consumer confidence in online rice transactions. The integration of technology, particularly AI-driven innovations, into platform ecosystems presents both opportunities and challenges for reinforcing these principles within the e-commerce framework for rice trading.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
References
Abiwu, L., & Martins, I. (2024). Attracting talent as a catalyst for sustaining learning organisations — a South African perspective. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2628
Aisyah, M. (2023). Millennial’s Decision on the Use of Online Halal Marketplace in Indonesia. ETIKONOMI, 22(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i2.34353
Alfarizi, M., & Ngatindriatun, N. (2022). INDONESIAN HALAL MSME OPEN INNOVATION WITH ISLAMIC FINTECH ADOPTION. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 19(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2022.11
Alkhaffaf, M., Mofleh, M., Kandil, T. T., Almomani, H., Almajali, D., & Almajali, H. (2024). Electronic payment acceptance model: A study on United Arab Emirates consumers. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(2), 881. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.12.017
Alkhozaim, S. M., Alshiha, F. A., Alnasser, E. M., & Alshiha, A. A. (2024). How Green Performance Is Affected by Green Talent Management in Tourism and Hospitality Businesses: A Mediation Model. Sustainability, 16(16), 7093. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167093
Al-mani, K. (2020). The Impact of E-commerce on the Development of Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Journal of International Technology and Information Management, 28(4), 28. https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1424
Aloufi, A., Khan, M. A., Khan, M. A., & Hussain, B. (2025). Legal Gaps, Islamic Ethics, and Digital Trust: Building a Regulatory Framework for Saudi E-Commerce Under Vision 2030. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 2860. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i4.3678
Alshehadeh, A. R., Al-Zaqeba, M. A. A., Refae, G. A. E., Al-Khawaja, H. A., & Aljawarneh, N. M. (2024). The effect of digital zakat and accounting on corporate sustainability through financial transparency. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 14(3), 228. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v14i3.5016
Altundağ, S. (2025). Regional e-commerce within the framework of the digital divide and technology acceptance model: a comparative analysis of Diyarbakir, Turkey, and global trends. Pressacademia. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2025.1972
Apriliyani, I. B., Zulfikar, R., Bastian, E., & Yazid, H. (2024). Pentagon fraud model and financial statement fraud: The moderating role of Islamic corporate governance. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(2), 1293. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.11.005
Ardiansyah, M. K. I., Yunizar, Y., & Harsanto, B. (2016). Shari’ah-Compliant E-Commerce Models and Consumer Trust. Al-Iqtishad Journal of Islamic Economics, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v8i2.2913
Ariffin, N. H. M. (2021). A Development of Islamic E-Commerce Ethics Model. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 20. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.20.2021.213
Ashfahany, A. E., Azzahra, F., Yayuli, & Ünal, İ. M. (2023). Intention to use sharia e-commerce: Applying a combination of the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. Innovative Marketing, 19(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(2).2023.15
Ashfahany, A. E., Mutmainah, D. A. S., & Isman, I. (2023). Why non-Muslims choose Islamic banking. Extended theory of planned behavior: a moderating factor of Islamic bank knowledge. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(3), 112. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(3).2023.10
Ashimkhanova, S., Sarwar, A., Oh, V., & Seng, K. (2023). A Synthesized Framework Explaining Job Application Among IT Graduates in Malaysia. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.33168/jsms.2023.0618
Asyiqin, I. Z. (2025). Islamic Economic Law in the Digital Age: Navigating Global Challenges and Legal Adaptations. Media Iuris, 8(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v8i1.61800
Aziz, A., Hidayat, A., Herlina, E., & Ernawati, W. (2023). Oligopoly Market and Monopolistic Competition in the Digital Era: Shariah Economic Perspective. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193). https://doi.org/10.47750/qas/24.193.07
Azman, N. H. N., & Zabri, M. Z. M. (2022). SHARĪʿAH-COMPLIANT FINTECH USAGE AMONG MICROENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA: AN EXTENSION OF UTAUT MODEL. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i2.1417
Azman, N. H. N., Zabri, M. Z. M., Masron, T. A., & Malim, N. A. K. (2020). THE UTILISATION OF ISLAMIC FINTECH (I-FINTECH) IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE INCLUSIVE GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v6i3.1180
Balah, K. O., & Makakena, S. D. (2024). Perspectives and implications of halal food consumption among major Islamized groups in the Philippines: strengthening consumer confidence, standardization, and traceability. Halal Research Journal, 4(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.12962/j22759970.v4i1.750
Barata, A. (2019). STRENGTHENING NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EQUITABLE INCOME THROUGH SHARIA DIGITAL ECONOMY IN INDONESIA. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(1), 145. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i1.1053
Bih, K., & Maharani, D. I. (2025). Studying Intention to Use Sharia E-Commerce on Generation Z Muslims in Central Java Using Technology Acceptance Model and Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v5i2.10392
Cui, S., Feng, Z., Gavirneni, S., & Hu, X. (2024). Agricultural E-Commerce and Traceability: Impact on Chemical Use in Developing Regions. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4838728
Dahlan, A., Shafia, M. H. M., Tatung, T., & Basrowi, B. (2025). Digital transformation: The role of AI, social dynamics, and political support on the quality of strategic decisions and their implications for the progress of Islamic banking in Malaysia and Indonesia. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 9(3), 701. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.6.011
Dzikri, Mohd. I., Hasanah, N., & Hasanah, Q. (2024). Analysis of Factors that Influence Investor Interest in Investing in Islamic Mutual Funds (Case Study: Java Island Region). Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, 17(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v17i2.323
Firdaus, R., Soemitra, A., & Marliyah, M. (2025). Islamic Social Finance and MSME Performance: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis across Aceh and North Sumatera. Share Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 14(2), 770. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.31610
Hadi, R., Shafrani, Y. S., Hilyatin, D. L., Riyadi, S., & Basrowi, B. (2023). Digital zakat management, transparency in zakat reporting, and the zakat payroll system toward zakat management accountability and its implications on zakat growth acceleration. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(1), 597. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.8.025
Hakim, L., Prawwatya, N., Huda, C., Fadila, D. F. S., & Rizaldi, M. (2024). The Role of Fintech Lending in Expanding Sharia Financial Inclusion and Human Development in Indonesia. Share Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 13(1), 299. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v13i1.22548
Hallaq, W. B., & Minhaji, Akh. (2013). ANCAMAN PARADIGMA NEGARA-BANGSA (Islam, Politik, dan Problem Moral Modernitas).
Hanim, L. (2022). The Transaction E-Commerce in Islamic/Sharia Law. Jurnal Akta, 9(3), 338. https://doi.org/10.30659/akta.v9i3.26720
Hasan, I., & Habib, Md. M. (2024). Enhancing Transparency in Agri-Food Supply Chain by Securing IoT-Generated Data with Blockchain. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4486156/v1
Hasan, I., Mohamed, Z., Habib, Md. M., & Hanafi, H. Bt. M. (2024). Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) on Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency in Bangladesh’s Agri-food Supply Chain. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n9-059
Hassan, N. C., Abdul-Rahman, A., Hamid, S. N. A., & Amin, S. I. M. (2024). What factors affecting investment decision? The moderating role of fintech self-efficacy. PLoS ONE, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299004
Hayati, M., Ali, J., Heri, M., & Utami, P. (2023). E-Service Quality and E-Wom Regarding Consumer Behavior Based on Maqashid Asy-Shariah. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 5(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2023.5.1.16949
Hen, K. W., Seah, C. S., Witarsyah, D., Shaharudin, S. M., & Loh, Y. X. (2023). The study on Malaysia Agricultural E-Commerce (AE): Customer Purchase Intention. JOIV International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 7(3), 704. https://doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.3.1372
Hidayat, Y., Perdana, T., Noor, T. I., & Carsono, N. (2024). Supply chain collaboration for the staple food product competitiveness. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(4), 2567. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.5.013
Hossain, M. I., Hussain, M. I., & Akther, A. (2023). E-Commerce Platforms in Developing Economies: Unveiling Behavioral Intentions through Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 2988. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2023.116165
Hussain, A., Ahmad, S. A., Mia, S., Ahmed, F., & Prommee, P. (2023). Relationship between business information, business networking, access to finance and financial performance of social enterprises: Perspective of resource-based view and signalling theory. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2285062
Ibrahim, A. Z. (2023). The Digitalization Approach in The Paddy Sector To Achieve The Self-Sufficiency Level In Malaysia. E3S Web of Conferences, 440, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344002004
Innerhofer, J., Nasta, L., & Zehrer, A. (2022). Antecedents of labor shortage in the rural hospitality industry: a comparative study of employees and employers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-04-2022-0125
Jermsittiparsert, K., & Srihirun, W. (2019). ROLE OF ETHICS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CULTURE AS MODERATOR. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 736. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.73105
Judijanto, L., Mokodenseho, S., Birah, I. F., Mamonto, A., & Mokodongan, G. L. (2024). The Role of Sharia Risk Management, Islamic Investment Ethics, and Riba-Free Financing in the Development of the Halal Industry in Indonesia. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 3(3), 366. https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v3i03.1061
Junaidi, A. (2024). Charting sustainable routes: Navigating uncertainty in the supply chain for lasting loyalty. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(4), 2283. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.6.004
Jusop, M., Ismail, R. M., & Ismail, N. A. (2020). Managing Information Quality in B2C Companies: An Empirical Investigation on Halal e-Commerce Websites. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 14(17), 97. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i17.16651
Kadam, S. (2024). Smart Farming: Bridging Farmers and Consumers through Machine Learning-Enabled E-commerce Platforms. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 12(3), 2467. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59131
Kanwal, A., Tayyab, M., & Idrees, S. (2023). Exploring the Nexus of Financial Technologies, Financial Inclusion, and Blockchain in Islamic Finance within Digital Transformation. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1104.0675
Khan, S. K., Benhamed, A., Soliman, M., & Khalifa, G. S. A. (2024). Understanding corporate social responsibility’s influence on brand reputation, employer branding, and performance. Tourism & Management Studies, 20(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.20240406
Kusno, K., Deliana, Y., Sulistyowati, L., Komaladewi, R., Rochdiani, D., & Trimo, L. (2023). Dominant factors influencing consumer satisfaction with the online purchase decision process through social commerce: A study of organic black rice in Indonesia. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(2), 833. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.1.005
Kusno, K., Deliana, Y., Sulistyowati, L., & Nugraha, Y. (2022). Determinant factors of online purchase decision process via social commerce: An empirical study of organic black rice in Indonesia. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(4), 1065. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.8.002
Law, C.-Y., Sek, Y.-W., Tay, C.-C., Chong, L.-Y., & Mislam, A. H. B. (2024). Malaysian Local Fruits E-Marketplace System with Intelligent Promotional Feature. In Lecture notes in networks and systems (p. 588). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62269-4_38
Lopes, J. M., Gomes, S., & Nogueira, E. (2025). Educational insights into digital entrepreneurship: the influence of personality and innovation attitudes. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00475-y
M., D. K., & Govindarajo, N. S. (2015). Malaysian Consumer Research: Does Computer Literacy Affirmative towards E-commerce Activities? Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7, 50. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i1(j).562
Maika, M. R., & Kautsar, I. A. (2019). Hiijrah: Islamic E-Commerce Disurpted Strategy. Economica Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 10(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2019.10.1.3217
Mandaville, P. G. (2009). Transnational Islam in South and Southeast Asia: movements, networks, and conflict dynamics. National Bureau of Asian Research.
Mawardi, M., Bustami, Z., Norhiza, F. L., Darussamin, Z., Syaputra, W., & Maulidizen, A. (2024). Navigating Modernity: Ethical Practices and Islamic Economic Values Among Traditional Second-Hand Goods Traders. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.5583
Mbaidin, H. O., Sbaee, N. Q., AlMubydeen, I. O., Chindo, U. M., & Alomari, K. M. (2023). The role of AI integration and governance standards: Enhancing financial reporting quality in Islamic banking. Decision Science Letters, 13(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2023.12.001
Morepje, M. T., Sithole, M. Z., Msweli, N. S., & Agholor, I. A. (2024). The Influence of E-Commerce Platforms on Sustainable Agriculture Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability, 16(15), 6496. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156496
Muhammad, M. Z., Amboala, T., Salleh, M. Z. M., Abdullah, A., Tahrim, S. N. C., & Nawi, N. C. (2019). The Application of Shariah Principle in E-commerce Transaction: A Model Development. Research in World Economy, 10(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n2p84
Munir, S. (2025). Accelerating entrepreneurial ecosystems in Muslim-majority countries: the impact of institutional quality, digital infrastructure, and economic factors on new business formation. Future Business Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00647-y
Mustofa, I., Jahar, A. S., Mubarok, J., & M, H. (2022). FIKIH MU’AMALAH BERBASIS KITAB KUNING DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA LEMBAGA EKONOMI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SIDOGIRI.
Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2014). An Empirical Evaluation Of The Potential Of Public E-Procurement To Reduce Corruption. AJIS. Australasian Journal of Information Systems/AJIS. Australian Journal of Information Systems/Australian Journal of Information Systems, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v18i2.780
Novianti, I., & Julaihah, U. (2025). Analysis of Ease of Use and Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Decisions Through Trust as a Mediating Variable in the Perspective of Islamic Economics. Jurnal Penelitan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 10(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v10i2.11965
Nugroho, A. A., Sumiyati, S., & Hamsani, H. (2024). Integrity and Legitimacy of Halal Products: The Urgency of Halal Supply Chain Management Technology Adoption in Halal Product Authentication Traceability Evidence from Indonesia. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 18(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v18i1.1485
Nurhamidah, U. (2025). Halal E-commerce and Muslim Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review. Journal Corner of Education Linguistics and Literature, 5(1), 568. https://doi.org/10.54012/jcell.v5i001.618
Okoye, C. C., Nwankwo, D. O., Okeke, N. M., Nwankwo, E. E., & Eze, S. U. (2023). ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SMES IN ANAMBRA STATE. Malaysian E Commerce Journal, 7(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.26480/mecj.01.2023.32.41
Osman, A. A., Abdullah, A., Rahman, S. M. A., Safian, S. S. S., Ibrahim, N. Z. M., Masdek, N. R. N. M., & Shaharuddin, N. (2023). The Exalted Islamic Ethics towards Conquest of Fintech. Information Management and Business Review, 15, 173. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i4(si)i.3590
Pepinsky, T. B., & Welborne, B. C. (9 C.E.). Piety and Redistributive Preferences in the Muslim World. Political Research Quarterly, 64(3), 491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912909359404
Permana, A. J., Sampurna, A. F., Wijaya, C., & Ulum, B. (2023). USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO UNDERSTAND PADDY RICE FARMERS’ INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN WAREHOUSE RECEIPT SYSTEM. NATAPRAJA, 11(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.21831/natapraja.v11i1.59953
Qadri, R. A., Nabilah, I., & Ambarwati, R. D. (2022). Black-or-White of Online Lending in Indonesia: Conventional Platform or Sharia Scheme (A Netnography Study). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 17(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2022.v17.i02.p01
Rachbini, W. (2023). The Impact of Price Transparency, Safe Transactions, and Delivery Performance on E-commerce Performance in Indonesian Online Supermarkets. European Journal of Management Issues, 31(3), 132. https://doi.org/10.15421/192311
Rahma, A., Khairuddin, K., Niffilayani, A., & Ruhullah, M. E. (2024). Policy Implications of the TikTok Shop E-Commerce Platform in the Contemporary Era: A Siyasah Syar’iyyah Perspective. MILRev Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9859
Rahman, W. N. W. Ab., Zulkifli, W., Zainuri, N. N., & Anwar, H. A. K. (2024). Model for Responsive Agriculture Hub via e-Commerce to Sustain Food Security. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2024.0150535
Raja, H. S., Aris, A., & Mohamad, N. (2021). The Relationship between Employer Branding and Talent Management: A Study on Manufacturing Sector. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(10). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i10.5817
Ranjith, P. V., Nisansala, S., Jayasingha, N., Weerasekara, K. D. P. B., Wisenthige, K., & Dayapathirana, N. (2025). Does social media information credibility influence social commerce purchase intention of skincare products? Evidence from Facebook. PLoS ONE, 20(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334126
Ribadu, M. B., & Rahman, W. N. W. Ab. (2016). A generic framework for e-commerce requirements to comply with Sharia in business-to-consumer perspective. 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI), 2, 752. https://doi.org/10.1109/sai.2016.7556064
Rojali, R., Sumanri, A., Mansoer, M., & Matin, U. A. (2024). Exploring the Influence of Religious Institutions on the Implementation of Technology for Stunting Understanding. Aptisi Transactions On Technopreneurship (ATT), 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i1.373
Salleh, M. C. M. (2016). The Significant Contribution of Islamic Relationship Marketing Practice in Malaysian Takaful Industry Towards Determining Customer Gratitude, Trust, and Commitment. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 21, 171. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2016.supp.1.8
Samoggia, A., & Beyhan, Z. (2022). Fairness-Enabling Practices in Agro-Food Chain. Sustainability, 14(11), 6391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116391
Sholikhin, M., & Amijaya, R. N. F. (2019). E-Commerce Based on the Law of Buying and Selling in Islam. KnE Social Sciences, 3(13), 1360. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i13.4290
Sitepu, N. I., & Akustia, S. S. (2024). The Influence of Islamic Marketing, Lifestyle, and Price on Pre-Loved Clothing Purchases: Intention as a Mediator. Share Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 13(1), 163. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v13i1.20089
Soetikno, H. W., Maupa, H., & Cahyadi, H. (2025). Digital entrepreneurship decisions in Indonesian women-led SMEs: an integrated SEM of transformation, skills, innovation, and behavioral intention. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3, 60. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.330229
Soumena, F. Y., Afifa, N., Amanah, I. N., & Julian, A. (2024). Business to Business (B2B) Model from an Islamic Economic Perspective. Journal of Islamic Economics and Philanthropy, 6(4), 325. https://doi.org/10.21111/jiep.v6i4.11624
Sun, Modliński, et al., T., & Zusrony, K., et al., R., & Darji, R., et al., C., et al., B., Asih, & et al., L. (2022). BAB I PENDAHULUAN.
Sustainability Report 2023. (2023).
Umair, S., Waqas, U., Mrugalska, B., & Bystrov, Ii. (2024). Linking transformational leadership to green human resource management (GHRM) and employee engagement in green initiatives. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 17(1), 1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2024.2434703
Uriawan, W., Tarigan, M. F., Zebua, H. K., Andriansyah, M. N., Sukarya, M., & Haikal, M. R. (2025). E-commerce Transactions in Islam: Fiqh Muamalah on The Validity of Buying and Selling on Digital Platforms. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.02384
Verma, C., & Kandikonda, S. S. (2023). A Study of Traceability and Transparency of Organic Farming in Agra District. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 11(8), 2092. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55378
Wahyuni, S., Asmuni, A., & Anggraini, T. (2023). Analisis maqashid dan maslahah transaksi e-commerce di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Ekonomi, 8(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.21067/jrpe.v8i2.8703
Walalangi, S. J. R., Mandey, S. L., Trang, I., & Wenas, R. S. (2024). Integrating Digital Financial Solutions with Blockchain to Enhance Transparency in Bangladesh’s Agri-Food Supply Chain. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n10-195
Wershffani, K. A. (2023). Investigation Of The Relationships Among Strategic Management, The Opening Up Of International Trade, And The Overall Economic Development Within Libya (POST-2000). DergiPark (Istanbul University). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/quantrade/issue/84988/1378782
Wibowo, A. (2023). Enhancing Economic Growth for the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals through Digital Era Fundraising Schemes for Sustainable Community Development: A Policy Analysis from the Islamic Economic Perspective. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Philantrophy, 1, 26. https://doi.org/10.24090/icip.v1i1.301
Wiyono, D., Tanjung, R., Setiadi, H., Marini, S., & Sugiarto, Y. (2024). Organizational transformation: The impact of servant leadership on work ethic culture with burnout as a mediating factor in the hospitality industry. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.01533
Yazid, Z. E., Zainol, Z., & Bakar, J. A. (2023). E-Commerce Via Mobile Banking: Contemporary Shariah Issues and Ways to Address Them. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i1.1258
Zakaria, M. B., & Ghani, N. A. R. N. A. (2022). An Analysis of Rice Supply in Malaysia Post Covid-19 - From an Agriculture-Related Fiqh Perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v12-i2/12295
Zulkifli, S. N., & Yusuf, S. N. S. (2023). Maqasid Syariah and Digital Transformation of Halal Supply Chain With Governance Elements. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences, 131, 103. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2023.11.9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3059/insis.v0i0.28701
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.3059/insis.v0i0.28701.g15040
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.



