The Islamic Astronomy Development and Status in Thailand

Abstract

Islamic astronomy has played a crucial role in shaping religious practices and educational systems in southern Thailand. Historically, Islamic scholars utilized astronomy to determine prayer times, the Qibla direction, and the Islamic lunar calendar. The presence of historical mosques such as Krue Se Mosque, Surau Aur, and Tonson Mosque reflects the integration of astronomical knowledge in religious architecture. In recent years, institutions such as Fatoni University and Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus have incorporated Islamic astronomy into their curricula, while organizations like the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and the Islamic Astronomy Group (IAG) have promoted public engagement and research in the field. This study employs a qualitative research approach, incorporating historical analysis, literature review, field observations, and expert interviews to examine the development and impact of Islamic astronomy in Thailand. Key findings highlight the educational initiatives, historical structures, and preservation efforts that have sustained Islamic astronomy in the region. The Songkhla Regional Observatory has emerged as a major center for Islamic astronomy education, attracting thousands of visitors annually. Despite significant progress, challenges such as limited access to historical manuscripts, language barriers, and the need for modern technological integration remain. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the historical, cultural, and educational significance of Islamic astronomy in southern Thailand. Future studies should explore quantitative analysis of astronomical practices and examine the role of modern technology in Islamic astronomical calculations to enhance the field’s development.