Analisis Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan dan Dampaknya terhadap Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Sri Endang Rahayu : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara , Nurhamidah Pulungan : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara , Lailan Safina Hasibuan : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Submitted: 23-06-2026 || Accepted: 06-07-2026 || Published: 06-07-2026

Abstract


Poverty and income distribution inequality remain the main challenges in Indonesia's economic development process. Although various macroeconomic indicators show improvement, the benefits of development have not yet been fully felt evenly by all segments of society. This research aims to analyze the development of income distribution inequality in Indonesia and examine the impact of income distribution inequality, economic growth, open unemployment rate, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on the poverty rate. The research uses a quantitative approach by utilizing panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2021–2025 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The analysis is conducted using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The research results show that income distribution inequality in Indonesia fluctuated during the observation period, while the poverty rate tended to decrease. Partially, the Gini Ratio variable, economic growth, open unemployment rate, and HDI do not have a significant effect on the poverty rate. However, simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant impact on poverty. These findings indicate that the reduction of poverty is not determined by a single factor, but rather is the result of the interaction of various economic and social aspects occurring simultaneously. Therefore, poverty alleviation policies need to be designed comprehensively thru the strengthening of human resource quality, the creation of job opportunities, the equitable distribution of income, and more inclusive economic growth.

Keywords


Poverty, Inequality, Economic Growth, Unemployment, Human Development Index

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/ekonomikawan.v26i1.31183

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