Peran Imunoterapi dalam Tatalaksana Kanker Paru Bukan Sel Kecil: Tinjauan Pustaka

Amiruddin Amiruddin, UMSU, Faridj Maulana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Received: 2026-02-18
Accepted: 2026-10-09
Published: 2026-10-14

Abstract


 Imunoterapi telah merevolusi tatalaksana kanker paru sel bukan sel kecil (non-small cell lung cancer/NSCLC) dengan memanfaatkan sistem imun tubuh untuk melawan sel kanker. Tujuan: untuk mengevaluasi peran dan efektivitas berbagai agen imunoterapi, terutama penghambat pos pemeriksaan imun (immune checkpoint inhibitors/ICIs) seperti anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, dan anti-CTLA-4. Hasil: Data klinis menunjukkan bahwa imunoterapi secara signifikan meningkatkan angka harapan hidup (overall survival/OS) dan masa bebas progresi penyakit (progression-free survival/PFS) dibandingkan kemoterapi konvensional, baik sebagai terapi lini pertama maupun lanjutan. Penggunaan kombinasi imunoterapi dengan kemoterapi atau agen anti-angiogenesis menunjukkan hasil yang lebih optimal, terutama pada pasien dengan ekspresi PD-L1 rendah atau jenis histologi tertentu. Meskipun memberikan hasil yang menjanjikan, tantangan utama tetap ada, termasuk adanya resistensi primer dan didapat, kurangnya biomarker prediktif yang andal selain ekspresi PD-L1 dan beban mutasi tumor (tumor mutational burden/TMB), serta risiko efek samping terkait imun (immune-related adverse events/irAEs). Di Indonesia, ketersediaan pengujian biomolekuler masih terbatas dan belum sepenuhnya tercakup dalam asuransi kesehatan nasional. Kesimpulan: Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai terapi personalisasi dan mekanisme resistensi untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat imunoterapi bagi pasien NSCLC secara luas.

Kata kunci: biomarker prediktif, efikasi klinis imunoterapi, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), kanker paru sel bukan sel kecil (NSCLC).

Keywords


biomarker prediktif, efikasi klinis imunoterapi, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), kanker paru sel bukan sel kecil (NSCLC)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/amj.v9i3.29205

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Jurnal Kedokteran Anatomica/ Anatomica Medical Journal (AMJ)

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Kampus 1 Lantai II Laboratorium Anatomi
Jl. Gedung Arca No 53 Medan-Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
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