Tinjauan Komprehensif Trauma Akustik

Favian Arriella Shabri Ikmal Fauzi, Yohannes Adhie Wijaya, Sabna Ayu Sagita Berliana, Fiqih Habib Marwa, Safari Wahyu Jatmiko

Abstract


Abstrak: Trauma akustik adalah suatu kondisi patologis pada sistem auditori yang diakibatkan oleh paparan akustik intensitas tinggi dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Tinjauan komprehensif ini menganalisis aspek etiologi, patofisiologi, diagnosis, dan tata laksana trauma akustik berdasarkan literatur terkini. Sumber kebisingan modern, seperti transportasi, aktivitas rekreasional, dan perangkat audio personal, berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan insidensi gangguan pendengaran. Status sosio-ekonomi dan usia teridentifikasi sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan dampak trauma akustik. Manifestasi klinis trauma akustik mencakup spektrum gejala luas, dari kehilangan pendengaran hingga tinitus dan vertigo. Temuan terbaru dalam neurofisiologi auditori mengungkap peran penting sinaps pita sel rambut cochlea dan proses pematangan molekulernya. Kerusakan pada stereosilia sel rambut luar akibat paparan suara impulsif dapat menyebabkan "hidden hearing loss". Trauma akustik tetap menjadi tantangan kesehatan global yang memerlukan pendekatan multidisipliner. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pencegahan dan pengobatan yang lebih efektif, serta kebijakan komprehensif guna meminimalkan dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup.


Keywords


gangguan pendengaran, kebisingan, pendengaran, trauma

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jih.v6i1.21439

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