Solar and Lunar Eclipses in the Perspective of Shar’i And Astronomy

Abstract

The moon is a satellite that has its orbit and goes around the sun at the same time as the Earth. So that the special position between the Sun, Earth, and Moon can cause an eclipse. To complete this research, the author uses qualitative methods, namely descriptive methods. In this study, two approaches were carried out, namely: the Shari’s approach which refers to Al-Qur’an and Hadith as the main legal foundation, and the Astronomy approach as a tool for studying the object of research in depth.

The results of the study can be concluded, solar eclipses are stated to occur when the position of the moon is located between the earth and the sun so that it closes part of the sun's light. In general, there are four types of solar eclipses, namely total solar eclipses, partial solar eclipses, ring solar eclipses, and hybrid solar eclipses. A lunar eclipse is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the sun, earth, and moon are on the same longitude when the moon is in opposition (i.e. at the time of the full moon) so that at that time the moon will pass through the earth's shadow. Lunar eclipses are divided into two types, namely penumbra lunar eclipses and umbra lunar eclipses. The calculation (Hisab) of the eclipse is carried out with the Ephemeris Hisab Rukyat system, which is used for the calculation of Qibla direction, prayer time, the beginning of the month Kamariah and the calculation of the eclipse.