A Data-Driven Travel-Time Scenario Framework for the Preliminary Analysis of School Meal Distribution as Education Support

Muliawan Firdaus : Universitas Negeri Medan , Marah Doly Nasution : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Submitted: 10-06-2026 || Accepted: 02-09-2026 || Published: 02-09-2026

Abstract


School meal distribution supports education because delivery delays can disrupt meal timing and erode service reliability. This study builds a data-driven travel-time scenario framework for the preliminary screening of school meal distribution in Medan, Indonesia. The framework brings together school-depot nodes, OpenStreetMap road-network distance matrices processed with OSMnx, pilot TomTom traffic observations, and historical Open-Meteo weather profiles. Its focus is scenario-based travel-time risk screening rather than vehicle-route optimization or the operational validation of official MBG/SPPG services, and it is positioned explicitly against existing school-meal routing work, including the mid-day meal routing study and the operational WFP Route the Meals initiative. We treat the link between distribution timeliness and educational outcomes as a conceptual motivation rather than an empirically tested relationship. The analysis reports a primary service metric for depot-to-school relations and a secondary all-OD network metric. Under the normal scenario, the mean depot-to-school travel time is 7.766 minutes; under a controlled extreme stress scenario it rises to 13.908 minutes, and the P90 value increases from 11.044 to 19.779 minutes. We read the controlled extreme scenario (S_5) as a conservative upper bound rather than a point estimate, because the multiplicative combination of the traffic and weather factors carries a double-counting risk. A sensitivity analysis shows that the baseline speed parameter has a unit-elastic, inverse relationship with travel time within the scalar model. Taken together, the framework offers an early computational representation for identifying travel-time exposure in education-support school meal distribution.

Keywords


education-support logistics; pilot traffic observation; road-network distance; school meal distribution; travel-time scenario

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/ijems.v7i3.30962

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Indonesian Journal of Education and Mathematics Science

Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Kampus Utama
Jl. Kapten Muchtar Basri No.3, Glugur Darat II,Medan
Sumatera Utara-20238

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