DE-ESKALASI PERDAGANGAN DAN EKSPLOITASI ANAK SECARA DARING DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM OPTIK HUKUM TELEMATIKA
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anthony, B. On-Ramps, Intersections, and Exit Routes: A Roadmap for Systems and Industries to Prevent and Disrupt Human Trafficking, 2018
Armitage, R., & Nellums, L. B. COVID-19: Compounding the health-related harms of human trafficking. EClinicalMedicine, 24, 100409. 2020
Atikah Rahmih, Sakdul, Fungsi Pencatatan Perkawinan Dikaitkan Dengan Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 46/Puu-Viii/2010, De Lega Lata, Volume I, Nomor 2, Juli Desember 2016
Burke, M. C. Human trafficking : Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Routledge, 2022
Caponnetto, dkk Smartphone addiction across the lifetime during Italian lockdown for COVID-19. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 39(4), 441449. 2021
Cerdn Martnez, V., Villa-Gracia, D., & Deza, N. Pornhub searches during the Covid-19 pandemic. Porn Studies, 8(3), 258269. 2021
Chisolm-Straker, M., & Chon, K. The historical roots of human trafficking : informing primary prevention of commercialized violence (1st ed.). Springer International Publishing. 2021
Clark, J., & Poucki, S. The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. 2019
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Bio Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157. 2020
Deslandes, S. F., & Coutinho, T. The intensive use of the internet by children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19 and the risks for self-inflicted violence. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 25(suppl 1), 24792486. 2020
Dimitropoulos, dkk. Experiences of Canadian mental health providers in identifying and responding to online and in-person sexual abuse and exploitation of their child and adolescent clients. Child Abuse & Neglect, 124, 105448. 2022
Edwards, G., dkk. Cyber strategies used to combat child sexual abuse material. In Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice. 2021
Erwin Asmadi, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Sebagai Saksi dalam Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana, IURIS STUDIA: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Volume 1 Nomor 2, Oktober 2020.
Guerra, E., & Westlake, B. G. Detecting child sexual abuse images: Traits of child sexual exploitation hosting and displaying websites. Child Abuse & Neglect, 122, 105336. 2021
Havig, K., & Mahapatra, N. Health-Care Providers Knowledge of Human Trafficking: Implications for Building Service Capacity in a Frontier State. Journal of Human Trafficking, 7(4), 366383. 2020
Herrington, R. L., & McEachern, P. Breaking Her Spirit Through Objectification, Fragmentation, and Consumption: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Domestic Sex Trafficking. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(6), 598611. 2018
Hirschtritt, M. E., dkk. Risk Assessment of Online Child Sexual Exploitation Offenders. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 47(2), 155164. 2019
Hornor, G., dkk. Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: An Update for the Forensic Nurse. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 15(2), 93102. 2019
Ibrahim Nainggolan, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Usaha E-Commerce Ditinjau Dari Hukum Positif Indonesia, Proceding Seminar Nasional Kewirausahaan, 2 (1), 2021.
Ismail Koto dan Erwin Asmadi, Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik Tenaga Medis di Rumah Sakit, Volksgeist, Vol. 4 No. 2 Juli- Des 2021
Kemp, S. (2021). DIGITAL 2021: INDONESIA. https://andi.link/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Hootsuite-We-are-Social-Indonesian-Digital-Report-2021_compressed.pdf
Kokolaki, E., dkk. Investigating the dynamics of illegal online activity: The power of reporting, dark web, and related legislation. Computer Law & Security Review, 38, 105440. 2020.
Krtnc, M., Ayy?ld?z, T. K., & Kurt, A. An examination of smartphone addiction and loneliness among high school students according to various variables: A sample from Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(2), 941947. 2021
Kuygun Karci, C., & Arici Gurbuz, A. Challenges of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2021
Miller-Perrin, C., & Wurtele, S. K. Sex Trafficking and the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. Women & Therapy, 40(12), 123151.
Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. Internet-facilitated commercial sexual exploitation of children: findings from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies in the United States. Sexual Abuse : A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23(1), 4371. 2011
Pais, M. S.. The protection of children from sexual exploitation Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. The International Journal of Childrens Rights, 18(4), 551566. 2010
Priestley, M., Sluckin, T. J., & Tiropanis, T. Innovation on the web: the end of the S-curve? Internet Histories, 4(4), 390412. 2020
Rahamathulla, M. Cyber Safety of Children in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Region: a Critical Review of Legal Frameworks and Policy Implications. International Journal on Child Maltreatment : Research, Policy and Practice, 126. 2021
Ramiro, L. S., dkk. Online child sexual exploitation and abuse: A community diagnosis using the social norms theory. Child Abuse & Neglect, 96, 104080. 2019
Ringenberg, T. R., dkk. A scoping review of child grooming strategies: pre- and post-internet. Child Abuse & Neglect, 123, 105392. 2022
Shannon, D.. Online sexual grooming in Sweden-online and offline sex offences against children as described in Swedish police data. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 9(2), 160180. 2008
Steel, C. M. S. Web-based child pornography: The global impact of deterrence efforts and its consumption on mobile platforms. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44, 150158. 2015
Steel, C. M. S., dkk. An integrative review of historical technology and countermeasure usage trends in online child sexual exploitation material offenders. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 33, 300971. 2020
Tener, D., dkk. How does COVID-19 impact intrafamilial child sexual abuse? Comparison analysis of reports by practitioners in Israel and the US. Child Abuse & Neglect, 116(Pt 2). 2021
Toney-Butler, T. J., Ladd, M., & Mittel, O. Human Trafficking. Human Trafficking, 1592. 2021
Veldhuizen-Ochodni?anov, E., Jeglic, E. L., & Boskovic, I. Separate routes, similar crimes? Conceptualising differences between domestic and international sex traffickers in the United States. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 62, 100395. 2020
Westlake, B. G., dkk, A. How Obvious Is It? The Content of Child Sexual Exploitation Websites. Deviant Behavior, 38(3), 282293. 2017
Winters, G. M., dkk The Sexual Grooming Model of Child Sex Trafficking. Victims & Offenders, 17(1), 6077. 2021.
Wolak, J., Liberatore, M., & Levine, B. N. Measuring a year of child pornography trafficking by U.S. computers on a peer-to-peer network. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(2), 347356. 2014
Zubaidi, N. H. A. Monitoring internet child pornography (icp) in malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29, 185203. 2021
Internet:
Banerjee, S. (2021). Adoption of COVID Orphans: Why Every Child Must Have Recourse to Kinship Care, Security and Self-Agency . Protsahan.Co.In. https://protsahan.co.in/adoption-of-covid-orphans-why-every-child-must-have-recourse-to-kinship-care-security-and-self-agency/
Davy, D. (2017). Regional Overview: Sexual Exploitaton of Children in Southeast Asia. https://ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Regional-Overview_Southeast-Asia.pdf
Europol. (2022). EXPLOITING ISOLATION: Offenders and victims of online child sexual abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/europol_covid_report-cse_jun2020v.3_0.pdf
International Labour Organization, Walk Free Foundation, & International Organization for Migration. (2017). Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/-comm/documents/publication/wcms_575479.pdf
International Labour Organization. (2021). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_824092.pdf
Internatonal Governance Forum. (2020). 15TH ANNUAL MEETING INTERNET GOVERNANCE FORUM: Internet for Human Resilience and Solidarity. https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/index.php?q=filedepot_download/11138/2452
IWF. (2022, January 13). Three-fold increase of abuse imagery of 7-10-year-olds as IWF detects more child sexual abuse material online than ever before. Internet Watch Foundation. https://www.iwf.org.uk/news-media/news/three-fold-increase-of-abuse-imagery-of-7-10-year-olds-as-iwf-detects-more-child-sexual-abuse-material-online-than-ever-before/
Johnson, B., & Patel, P. (2019). Multi-million pound funding to protect child abuse victims and track down offenders - GOV.UK. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/multi-million-pound-funding-to-protect-child-abuse-victims-and-track-down-offenders#content
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Indonesia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-indonesia
Kurniawan, I. (2022, January). Kasus Perdagangan Manusia di Bandung Terungkap, Tersangka Merupakan Mahasiswi. PRFM News. https://prfmnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-133591394/kasus-perdagangan-manusia-di-bandung-terungkap-tersangka-merupakan-mahasiswi
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. (2021). Child Sex Trafficking Overview. https://www.missingkids.org/content/dam/missingkids/pdfs/CST Identification Resource.pdf
Oloo, A. A. (2019). Sex Trafficking in the Digital Era: Driving Forces within the Philippines Context [THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PARIS]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/727fc60e8c6eb8fd4fcb4926819ff9a5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
Pandey, V., & Clarance, A. (2021). Covid di India: Ratusan anak yang menjadi yatim piatu karena virus corona. BBC NEWS - Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-57308427
Politics.co.uk. (2022, February 8). New data shows online child sexual abuse material rising. Politics.Co.Uk. https://www.politics.co.uk/opinion-former/press-release/2022/02/08/new-data-shows-online-child-sexual-abuse-material-rising/
Save the Children. (2021). Child poverty and COVID-19. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-poverty/covid-19/
UNODC. (2021). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2020 . https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tip/2021/GLOTiP_2020_15jan_web.pdf
WARRIA, A. (2020). The Human Trafficking Continuum and COVID-19: Rights, Risks and Recommended Protective Actions. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 35, 197226. http://e-resources.perpusnas.go.id:2048/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=152457818&site=eds-live
World Bank. (2022). Global Economic Prospects. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/36519/9781464817601.pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y
Lain-Lain:
European Commission. (2020). EU strategy for a more effective fight against child sexual abuse
Fedorovsky, A. (2021). Combating child sexual abuse-review of EU rules
Greijer, S., & Doek, J. (2016). Terminology Guidelines for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (1st ed.). ECPAT International.
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (2020). 2019 reports by electronic service providers (ESP).
OShea, L. (2019). Future histories : what Ada Lovelace, Tom Paine, and the Paris Commune can teach us about digital technology. Verso.
Tunks, M. (2020). IWF response to the European Commissions Roadmap-EU Strategy for a more effective fight against child sexual abuse.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.